8: Introduction to Cancer Therapy and Cancer Drugs
- Page ID
- 90322
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 8.0: Introduction
- This page covers the immune system's protective function, explains cancer as a consequence of cell mutations, and addresses the economic impact of cancer care. It emphasizes the existing disparities in treatment and encourages nurses to advocate for patients and leverage resources from the National Cancer Institute to enhance cancer care outcomes.
- 8.1: Introduction to Cancer and Phases of Cancer Therapy
- This page explores cancer development, emphasizing genetic and environmental factors that cause mutations leading to tumors. It explains the body's defenses against cancer and how immune failure and cellular changes contribute to tumor formation. The text categorizes cancers into solid tumors and hematologic tumors and discusses treatment considerations, including tumor lysis syndrome and the significance of early detection and genetic screening.
- 8.2: Chemotherapeutic Drugs
- This page provides a comprehensive overview of chemotherapy administration, focusing on safe handling, client education, and nursing implications for various drug classes, including alkylating agents, antimetabolites, anthracyclines, and taxanes. It emphasizes essential practices like monitoring for adverse effects, proper hydration, and understanding drug interactions.
- 8.3: Hormonal Therapy
- This page discusses hormonal therapy drugs in cancer treatment, including antiestrogens, aromatase inhibitors, and antiandrogens. It covers their mechanisms, uses, side effects, and nursing implications. Antiestrogens like Tamoxifen block estrogen in breast cancer, while aromatase inhibitors reduce estrogen in postmenopausal women. Antiandrogens focus on prostate cancer by inhibiting testosterone.
- 8.4: Biologic Response Modifiers
- This page discusses biologic response modifier drugs in cancer treatment, focusing on monoclonal antibodies and PD-1 inhibitors that boost the immune response against cancer. It highlights indications, side effects, and nursing implications, stressing the need for careful monitoring due to potential adverse reactions like hypersensitivity and skin reactions. Additionally, it outlines important drug interactions and client education for effective medication management and addressing complications.
- 8.5: Chapter Summary
- This page explores the causes and progression of cancer through mutational theories, considering stress, genetics, and environmental factors. It details how chemotherapy works, its effects on both normal and abnormal cells, and outlines major classes of chemotherapy agents, including safety precautions and monitoring for adverse effects. Supportive therapies during chemotherapy are also discussed.
- 8.6: Key Terms
- This page covers essential cancer terminology, defining various cancer types (e.g., adenocarcinoma, leukemia), blood cell types (erythrocytes, leukocytes), and treatment complications (e.g., febrile neutropenia). It discusses treatments like chemotherapy and issues such as myelosuppression and tumor lysis syndrome, while also addressing treatment side effects and blood cell level changes, highlighting cancer's effects on the body.
- 8.7: Review Questions
- This page focuses on exercises related to chemotherapy administration and management, discussing various chemotherapy types, safety monitoring, side effects, and self-care for patients. It underscores the significance of supportive medications, premedication for certain treatments, and the necessity for effective patient education and monitoring in oncology care.