18: Antihypertensive and Antianginal Drugs
- Page ID
- 90332
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 18.0: Introduction
- This page outlines the heart's functions within the cardiovascular system, focusing on hypertension and angina as significant health concerns. It highlights the risks associated with hypertension and the symptoms of angina, emphasizing the importance of managing these conditions. The page introduces antihypertensive and antianginal medications as treatment options and promises further discussion on therapies for these cardiovascular issues.
- 18.1: Hypertension and Angina
- This page discusses hypertension and angina, including their pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. It highlights blood pressure guidelines, silent symptoms, and the significance of lifestyle modifications. Nonpharmacologic treatments such as diet, exercise, and smoking cessation are emphasized, along with self-monitoring of blood pressure. Additionally, the page addresses gender and racial bias in treatment, focusing on initiatives aimed at promoting health equity in cardiovascular care.
- 18.2: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
- This page covers ACE inhibitors, vital for hypertension and cardiovascular disease management. It explains their action, indications, side effects like cough and hyperkalemia, and nursing responsibilities. Nurses must monitor blood pressure and potassium levels, inform patients about dietary restrictions, and be alert for severe side effects. The page emphasizes the critical FDA warning against their use in pregnancy.
- 18.3: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- This page covers angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for hypertension management, detailing their mechanism, adverse effects, and nursing implications. ARBs are noted for their effectiveness in lowering blood pressure with a lower risk of cough and angioedema compared to ACE inhibitors. Important considerations include potential mood changes and suicide risk in specific groups, as well as teratogenic risks during pregnancy.
- 18.4: Beta-Adrenergic Blockers
- This page provides an overview of beta-adrenergic blockers for hypertension, detailing their effects, uses, and nursing responsibilities, including vital sign monitoring and client education on dosage and side effects. It emphasizes caution against mixing these drugs with OTC or herbal substances due to potential interactions and warns patients not to abruptly stop treatment to avoid serious complications.
- 18.5: Calcium Channel Blockers
- This page provides an overview of calcium channel blockers used for hypertension and angina, explaining their mechanism of action, classifications (dihydropyridines and nondihydropyridines), dosing, and common side effects like dizziness. It emphasizes nursing responsibilities, including monitoring drug interactions and patient education, while also addressing serious potential side effects and contraindications.
- 18.6: Diuretics
- This page provides an overview of diuretic drugs for hypertension treatment, detailing their actions, adverse effects, and nursing considerations. It highlights thiazide and potassium-sparing diuretics, stressing the need for monitoring blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and urine output. Education on drug use, side effects, and dietary guidance about potassium intake is emphasized, underlining the nurse's role in patient care and client teaching.
- 18.7: Nitrates
- This page discusses nitrate drugs for hypertension and angina, covering their characteristics, uses, effects, and nursing considerations. Nitrates reduce cardiac workload but can cause headaches and hypotension, with specific contraindications. A case study of a patient with stable angina illustrates the importance of creating a teaching care plan, highlighting dietary changes, such as increasing fiber and adopting a heart-healthy diet, while addressing misconceptions about dietary habits.
- 18.8: Chapter Summary
- This page discusses antihypertensive and antianginal medications, defining hypertension and angina, and their determinants like stroke volume and vascular resistance. It explains the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system's role in blood pressure regulation and reviews AHA guidelines.
- 18.9: Key Terms
- This page offers definitions and explanations of essential cardiovascular terms and drug classifications important for managing heart conditions and blood pressure. It includes hormones such as aldosterone and vasopressin, key blood pressure metrics, and terms related to heart function. Additionally, it discusses several drug classes, such as antihypertensives and beta-blockers, detailing their roles, mechanisms, and effects on the cardiovascular system in treating hypertension and angina.
- 18.10: Review Questions
- This page covers exercises on nursing care for clients with hypertension, including blood pressure classification assessments, therapeutic outcomes of medications, contraindications, dosage calculations, and client education on drug administration. Key medications discussed are benazepril, nadolol, metoprolol, transdermal nitroglycerin, verapamil, hydrochlorothiazide, losartan, and carvedilol, highlighting the importance of safe nursing practices.