20: Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Thrombolytic Drugs
- Page ID
- 90334
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 20.0: Introdcution
- This page discusses the heart's role in the cardiovascular system, facilitating the circulation of oxygen and nutrients. Blood flows from the heart through arteries, arterioles, and capillaries for gas exchange, returning via venules and veins. Key blood components include erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma.
- 20.1: Introduction to Clotting and Coagulation
- This page covers thrombus formation's role in hemostasis and diseases like myocardial infarction and stroke, explaining clot formation mechanisms through primary and secondary hemostasis, and Virchow's Triad. It addresses serious complications such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, detailing their risk factors and diagnostics.
- 20.2: Anticoagulants
- This page covers the use, management, and implications of anticoagulant drugs in thrombus formation. It details characteristics and adverse reactions of medications like heparin, low molecular weight heparins, warfarin, and direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Key considerations include monitoring parameters like PTT and INR, the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), dosing adjustments based on renal function, and the importance of patient education on recognizing bleeding signs.
- 20.3: Antiplatelets
- This page discusses antiplatelet drugs used to prevent thrombus formation and manage acute coronary syndromes, focusing on their characteristics, indications, and adverse reactions. Key medications include aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors like clopidogrel. Emphasis is placed on monitoring for bleeding risks, drug interactions, and the importance of patient education.
- 20.4: Thrombolytics
- This page discusses thrombolytic drugs, such as alteplase and tenecteplase, used to treat thrombus formation by dissolving clots. It outlines their indications, actions, adverse reactions, and nursing considerations, emphasizing the importance of timely administration and client education.
- 20.5: Chapter Summary
- This page discusses blood clot formation physiology, detailing the coagulation cascade and platelet activation. It reviews thromboembolism prevention and treatment medications, focusing on anticoagulants like warfarin and enoxaparin, emphasizing client education. Antiplatelet medications and thrombolytics are also covered, with an emphasis on the associated bleeding risks of each medication class.
- 20.6: Key Terms
- This page provides an overview of blood clotting, defining key terms like activated clotting time (ACT) and anti-factor Xa level, which assess clot formation and anticoagulant levels. It explains the roles of anticoagulants, clotting factors, and the coagulation cascade in hemostasis, while addressing conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism.
- 20.7: Review Questions
- This page covers anticoagulation management, focusing on heparin and warfarin. It discusses monitoring tests, with PTT for heparin and INR for warfarin, and includes antidotes for bleeding, such as protamine. It emphasizes the need for consistent vitamin K intake with warfarin and addresses complications like heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Additionally, it highlights the importance of monitoring blood pressure prior to administering thrombolytics like alteplase.