21: Lipid-Lowering Drugs
- Page ID
- 90335
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 21.0: Introduction
- This page discusses the heart's role in the cardiovascular system and the importance of lipids, including triglycerides and sterols, in energy storage, temperature regulation, and cell membranes. It also explores medications used to manage elevated lipid levels in the blood.
- 21.1: Introduction to Lipoprotein and Apolipoproteins
- This page covers fat metabolism, emphasizing the roles of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in relation to coronary artery disease (CAD). It explains how triglycerides and cholesterol are digested, absorbed, and transported, highlighting the importance of LDL and HDL cholesterol in heart health.
- 21.2: Statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors) and PCSK9 Inhibitors
- This page reviews statins and PCSK9 inhibitors, focusing on their classification, mechanisms, dosing, and adverse effects. It highlights atorvastatin's risk of myopathy, the hydrophilicity of pravastatin, and dosing restrictions for simvastatin. Additionally, it covers the implications of PCSK9 inhibitors, including their cost and monitoring requirements.
- 21.3: Bile Acid Sequestrants, Fibrates, and Niacin
- This page outlines the characteristics, indications, and nursing implications of drugs used to manage hyperlipidemia, specifically bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, and niacin. Bile acid sequestrants reduce cholesterol absorption, while fibrates lower triglycerides but carry risks of liver enzyme elevation. Niacin can cause flushing and hepatotoxicity.
- 21.4: Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
- This page discusses cholesterol absorption inhibitors, particularly ezetimibe, which reduces LDL cholesterol by targeting the NPC1L1 transporter. It outlines indications for use in hypercholesterolemia, possible adverse effects such as liver problems and diarrhea, and contraindications like liver disease and pregnancy. Nurses are advised to monitor liver enzymes and muscle side effects, especially when ezetimibe is used with statins.
- 21.5: Chapter Summary
- This page discusses lipid-lowering drugs, detailing lipoprotein metabolism and its link to coronary artery disease (CAD). It reviews different classes of these medications, highlighting key nursing implications and essential client education for effective treatment management.
- 21.6: Key Terms
- This page discusses lipids and their impact on cardiovascular health, particularly focusing on atherosclerosis, which is the accumulation of fatty plaques in arteries influenced by cholesterol. It explains various lipoproteins, including HDL (good) and LDL (bad), and addresses conditions like dyslipidemia and hyperlipidemia that involve abnormal lipid levels. The page also highlights HMG CoA reductase's role in cholesterol synthesis.
- 21.7: Review Questions
- This page focuses on nursing education exercises for lipid management and pharmacotherapy, detailing lipid panels and medications like PCSK9 inhibitors and statins. It highlights the distinction between LDL and HDL cholesterol, proper medication use, and treatment outcomes. Additionally, it stresses the significance of educating clients about their medication regimens and potential side effects, particularly highlighting rhabdomyolysis associated with atorvastatin.