28: Diabetic Drugs

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28.0: Introduction
This page outlines the endocrine system's function in regulating biological processes and introduces diabetes as a widespread chronic condition. It highlights the disease's effects on glucose regulation, its various demographics, and associated health risks and economic costs, specifically noting a $327 billion burden in the U.S. The chapter will address diabetes management, including lifestyle changes and medication options.
28.1: Introduction to Diabetes
This page covers essential learning objectives regarding diabetes mellitus, including its pathophysiology, clinical signs, and diagnostic methods. It details the pancreatic islets of Langerhans' role in glucose regulation and describes diabetes as marked by hyperglycemia and metabolic issues. The page includes exercises on distinguishing diabetes types and related diagnostic tests, with a focus on the glycosylated hemoglobin test for tracking blood glucose levels.
28.2: Insulin and Non-Insulin Injectable Diabetes Drugs
This page provides an overview of insulin and non-insulin injectable medications for diabetes management, detailing their classifications, indications, interactions, and nursing implications. It focuses on insulin types based on onset and duration, as well as non-insulin injectables like GLP-1 receptor agonists and their adverse effects.
28.3: Oral Antidiabetic Drugs
This page summarizes various oral medications for managing type 2 diabetes, including sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and Metformin. It details their mechanisms of action, potential adverse effects, and monitoring requirements for glycemic control. Emphasizing the risks of hypoglycemia and the importance of client education, the page also discusses fixed combinations of drugs, dosing strategies, and contraindications.
28.4: Chapter Summary
This page provides an overview of diabetes management, including types of diabetes (type 1, type 2, gestational), the difference between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, key diagnostic tests, and prevention strategies. It discusses common medications, covering different insulin types, administration methods, non-insulin injectables, and oral medications, as well as treatments for hypoglycemic reactions, offering a thorough understanding of diabetes care.
28.5: Key Terms
This page presents crucial information on diabetes management, detailing insulin dosing strategies, including basal and bolus dosing, and the use of devices like continuous glucose monitors and insulin pumps. It addresses conditions such as hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, discusses blood glucose testing methods, categorizes types of diabetes, and outlines medications—both non-insulin injectables and oral drugs—highlighting their importance in maintaining glucose homeostasis.
28.6: Review Questions
This page focuses on nursing considerations for diabetes care, emphasizing exercises that cover lab findings for type 1 diabetes, insulin therapy management, meal timing after insulin, and specific instructions for insulin use. It highlights critical nursing actions in emergencies like hypoglycemia and medication management with metformin and contrast dye. Overall, the content reinforces essential practical knowledge for nursing care of diabetic patients.

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