34.7: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 90786
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- acute kidney injury (AKI)
- a decrease in kidney function that has an abrupt onset and is possibly reversible, manifested by decreased urine output and/or increased serum creatinine; previously known as acute renal failure
- ascites
- abnormal fluid present between the peritoneum and the abdominal organs
- chronic renal disease (CRD)
- a state of progressive decline of kidney function from a glomerular filtration rate of 59 mL/minute/1.73 m2 to a glomerular filtration rate of less than 15 mL/minute/1.73 m2
- diuretic braking
- a progressive decrease in urinary output after repeated doses of loop diuretics
- diuretic resistance
- the state in which the maximum dose of a loop diuretic fails to produce the anticipated effect on fluid volume status because successive doses of the drug trigger hypertrophy of the distal tubule, increasing sodium reabsorption
- end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
- the condition that exists when the glomerular filtration rate falls below 15 mL/minute/1.73 m2
- glomerular filtration rate
- the rate at which the kidneys filter blood; indicates kidney function
- hyperkalemia
- serum potassium level greater than 5.2 mEq/L
- hypernatremia
- serum sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L
- hypervolemia
- body fluid overload, which includes excess fluid volume and edema
- hypokalemia
- serum potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/L
- hyponatremia
- serum sodium level less than 135 mEq/L
- hypovolemia
- decreased extracellular fluid volume associated with sodium and water loss
- loop diuretics
- drugs that interrupt the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle, resulting in increased urinary output
- nephrotic syndrome
- a group of renal alterations that result in abnormal renal excretion of large amounts of protein
- nocturia
- the need to frequently void during the night, interrupting sleep
- osmotic diuretics
- drugs that draw fluid from the cells by increasing osmotic pressure
- ototoxicity
- temporary or permanent damage to the inner ear due to drug therapy
- potassium-sparing diuretics
- drugs that interrupt sodium and water reabsorption while retaining potassium and increasing urinary output
- sodium–potassium–chloride cotransporter (Na-K-2Cl or NKCC2)
- a protein that facilitates transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride into cells
- thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
- drugs that increase urinary output by reabsorbing sodium and retaining potassium in the nephron