4.7: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 90994
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- absorption
- the process of cells taking in digested substances
- amylase
- an enzyme that helps to break down carbohydrates
- bile
- a fluid created in the liver that aids in digestion of food in the duodenum
- carboxypeptidase
- an enzyme that helps to breakdown fats
- cholecystokinin
- a hormone produced by the small intestine that triggers the pancreas and gallbladder to contract when fats and proteins enter
- chyme
- a mix of gastric juices and digested food
- chymotrypsinogen
- an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller particles
- digestion
- the breakdown of solid food that includes both mechanical and chemical actions to form smaller, more absorbable substances in the body’s gastrointestinal tract
- dysbiosis
- a disruption to the microbiome resulting in an imbalance in the microbiota of the intestines
- elastase
- an enzyme that helps break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
- fistula
- a condition in which two body parts are abnormally connected
- frenulum
- the small tissue beneath the tongue that provides support
- gastrin
- a peptide hormone that regulates gastric motility, gastric secretion of stomach acid, and gastric mucosal growth
- guaiac test
- a test that confirms the presence of blood in stool
- homeostasis
- a balanced state in the body that allows for proper function
- ingestion
- the first step of the digestive process that involves bringing food and liquids into the body through the mouth
- insulin
- a hormone that assists in the absorption of glucose into cells for energy usage
- intrinsic factor
- a glycoprotein required for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine
- lipase
- an enzyme that helps to break down fats
- mastication
- chewing action of the mouth
- meconium
- the first stool passed by a newborn
- melena
- dark, black, or sticky feces
- metabolism
- the part of digestion in which the body converts absorbed substances into energy
- nucleases
- an enzyme that breaks down nucleic acid chains
- pepsin
- an enzyme that begins to break down proteins in the stomach
- protease
- an enzyme that breaks down proteins
- somatostatin
- a hormone that regulates stomach acid secretion during digestion
- succussion splash
- a sloshing or splashing sound heard on auscultation of the abdomen due to excessive fluid remaining in the stomach
- trypsinogen
- an enzyme that helps break down fats into amino acids
- tympany
- a resonant, hollow sound potentially heard during percussion
- uvula
- the fleshy extension that hangs at the back of the throat and at the end of the soft palate