21.3: References
Unfolding Case Study
Review Questions
Agusala, B. (2022, January 26). 9 diet fads to try (or skip completely) in 2022 . UT Southwestern Medical Center. https://utswmed.org/medblog/diets-best-and-worst/
American Heart Association. (2023). The American Heart Association diet and lifestyle recommendations. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-liv...ecommendations
American Medical Association. (2023, June 14). AMA adopts new policy clarifying role of BMI as a measure in medicine [Press release]. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-gramm...ase-references
Bendowska, A. & Baum, E. (2023). The significance of cooperation in interdisciplinary health care teams as perceived by Polish medical students. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 20 (2), DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph20020954
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2022, September 30). What dieticians and nutritionists do. Occupational outlook handbook. www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/d...ists.htm#tab-2
Callahan, A., Leonard, H., & Powell, T. (2021). Nutrition: Science and everyday application . Creative Commons. https://openoregon.pressbooks.pub/nutritionscience/
Calorie Calculator, (2023). https://www.calculator.net/calorie-calculator.html
Center for Integrative Nutrition (n.d.). Integrative nutrition. https://cih.ucsd.edu/medicine/integr...ition-overview
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). About nutrition. https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/about-...ion/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022a). Defining Adult Overweight & Obesity. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/a...-defining.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022b). Populations and vulnerabilities . https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/tracking/to...rabilities.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Healthy People. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people/index.htm Chien L. Y. (2019). Evidence-based practice and nursing research. The Journal of Nursing Research: JNR , 27 (4), e29. https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000346
Clem & Thyme Nutrition. (2023). The best nutritionists to follow on social media in 2022. Clem & Thyme Nutrition Wellness. https://clemandthyme.com/2022/03/25/...media-in-2022/
County Health Rankings & Roadmaps (n.d.). https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/
Davis, C. & Saltos, E. (n.d.). Dietary recommendations and how they have changed over time. In USDA/ERS (pp. 33-50). https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/pub...aib750b_1_.pdf
Devine, A., & Lawlis, T. (2019). Nutrition and vulnerable groups. Nutrients, 11 (5), 1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051066
Diet, culture, timeline. (2023). https://dietculturetimeline.com/2000s/
Digitalis. (N.D.) Pros and cons of social media in healthcare . The Digitalis Blog: Cutting Edge Healthcare Marketing. ed from https://digitalismedical.com/blog/pr...in-healthcare/
English, Emily. (n.d.). The dangers of social media. Emily English Nutrition. https://www.emilyenglish.com/blog/so...iaandnutrition
Feeding America (2023). Hunger and food insecurity . https://www.feedingamerica.org/hunge...ood-insecurity
Gattu, R., Paik, G., Wang, Y., Ray, P., Lichenstein, R., & Black., M. (2019). The Hunger Vital Sign identifies household food insecurity among children in emergency departments and primary care. Children (Basel, Switzerland) , 6 (10), 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/children6100107
Gbareen, M., Barnoy, S. & Theilla, M. (2021). Subjective and objective nutritional assessment: nurses’ role and the effect of cultural differences. BMC Nurs 20 (157). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00683-3
Global Wellness Institute (n.d.). What is wellness? https://globalwellnessinstitute.org/what-is-wellness/
Hendler, C. (2022, August 5). 10 tactics to improve patient teaching . https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/exp...tient-teaching
HHS https://health.gov/sites/default/fil...ction_Plan.pdf
Ignatavicius, D., & Silvestri, L. (2023). Getting ready for the next-generation NCLEX (NGN): How to shift from the nursing process to clinical judgment in nursing . https://evolve.elsevier.com/educatio...-anchor-bottom
Jahns, L., Davis-Shaw, W., Lichtenstein, A. H., Murphy, S. P., Conrad, Z., & Nielsen, F. (2018). The history and future of dietary guidance in America . Adv Nutr . 9 (2):136-147. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmx025. PMID: 29659693; PMCID: PMC5916427.
Johns Hopkins Sheridan Libraries (2023, February 26). Evaluating information. Johns Hopkins University. https://guides.library.jhu.edu/evaluate/social-media
Jorgensen, M. (2022, October 12). What is evidence-based nutrition? Trifecta Nutrition. Retrieved 1/4/2023 from https://www.trifectanutrition.com/bl...ased-nutrition
Kabata, P., Winniczuk-Kabata, D., Kabata, P. M., Jaśkiewicz, J., & Połom, K. (2022). Can social media profiles be a reliable source of information on nutrition and dietetics? Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 10 (2), 397. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020397
Kahm Clinic. (2022, January 25). The connection between social media, eating disorders, and diet culture. https://www.thekahmclinic.com/blog/t...d-diet-culture .
King, H. (2019, October 8). Hippocrates now: Quoting the father of medicine. https://blogs.bmj.com/medical-humani...r-of-medicine/
Lam, C. & Patel, P. (2022). Food, drug, and cosmetic act. In StatPearls [Internet ]. StatPearls Publishingwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...oks/NBK585046/
Mattes, R., Rowe, S., Ohlhorst, S., Brown, A., Hoffman, D., Liska, D., Feskens, E., Dhillon, J., Tucker, K., Epstein, L., Neufeld, L., Kelley, M., Fukagawa, N., Sunde, R., Zeisel, S., Basile, A., Borth, L., & Jackson, E. (2022). Valuing the Diversity of Research Methods to Advance Nutrition Science. Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) , 13 (4), 1324–1393. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmac043
Mozaffarian D, Rosenberg I, Uauy R. (2018). History of modern nutrition science-implications for current research, dietary guidelines, and food policy. BMJ .; 361 :k2392. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k2392.
National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (2019). NGN Talks: Clinical Judgment Measurement Model. https://www.ncsbn.org/video/ngn-talk...surement-model
National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (2023). Clinical judgment measurement model. Next generation NCLEX. www.nclex.com/clinical-judgm...surement-model
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (n.d.). Food Accessibility, Insecurity, and Health Outcomes. https://www.nimhd.nih.gov/resources/...-outcomes.html
North Dakota State University. (2019). Finding the truth 1: Reliable nutrition and health information. https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/ext...th-information Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990. Public Law No: 101-535, (1990). www.congress.gov/bill/101st-...ouse-bill/3562
OSU Extension Service. (2023). About food hero. https://www.foodhero.org/about-food-hero .
Stillerman, K. (2019, June 6). “Big Food” Companies spend big money in hopes of shaping the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The Equation. https://blog.ucsusa.org/karen-perry-...for-americans/
Thornton, L. (2019). A Brief History and Overview of Holistic Nursing. Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.) , 18 (4), 32–33.
Toney-Butler, T., & Thayer, J. (2023). Nursing process . In StatPearls [Internet ] StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499937/
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Learn how to eat healthy with MyPlate . https://www.myplate.gov/
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2021). MyPlate/MiPlato. https://www.fns.usda.gov/resource/myplate-miplato
U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services (n.d.). History of the Dietary Guidelines. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/ab...ary-guidelines
U.S. Department of Agriculture and Health and Human Services. (2020). Dietary guidelines for Americans . https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/
U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service (n.d.) The role of the USDA Food and Nutrition Service. https://www.fns.usda.gov/
U.S. Department of Agriculture Science. (n.d.). Nutrition.gov. www.nutrition.gov.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2010). National Action Plan to Improve Health Literacy . Washington, DC: Author. https://health.gov/our-work/national...ealth-literacy
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2021, October 26). Health literacy and health equity: Connecting the dots. https://health.gov/news/202110/healt...onnecting-dots
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (n.d.). Browse evidence-based resources. Healthy People 2030. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://health.gov/healthypeople/too...ants-of-health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (n.d.). Nutrition and healthy eating. Healthy People 2030. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://health.gov/healthypeople/obj...healthy-eating
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2018). FDA History. https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-history
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (n.d.) The new nutrition facts label: What’s in it for you? https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-e...on-facts-label
Van De Walle, G. (2019). What Is the Waist-to-Hip Ratio? Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/waist-to-hip-ratio
Weill Cornell Medicine. (n.d.) The Food and Drug Administration: the continued history of drug advertising. https://library.weill.cornell.edu/ab...tion-continued
World Health Organization (n.d). Constitution. https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution
Yinusa G., Scammell, J., Murphy, J., Ford, G., & Baron, S. Multidisciplinary provision of food and nutritional care to hospitalized adult in-patients: a scoping review. (2021). J Multidisciplinary Healthcare .; 14 :459-491. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S255256
Alzahrani, M., AlGhrab, S., Althwabi, M., Sudan, A., Jurays, N., Alalyani, F., Bin Fudhayl, S., Alfahadi, M., Asiri, Y., & Alshahrani, A. (2022). Awareness of Lactose Intolerance Disorder in Saudi Arabia Population. Journal of Family Medicine & Primary Care , 11 (6), 3118–3124. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2247_21
American Diabetes Association. (2019) 5. Lifestyle management: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care, 42 (Suppl. 1), S46–S60. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-S005
American Heart Association. (2018). Mono-unsaturated fats from plants, not animals may reduce risk of death from heart disease and other causes . ScienceDaily, 21 March 2018. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180321162252.htm
American Heart Association. (2021, November 21). Saturated fat. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-liv...saturated-fats
American Kidney Fund. (2022, October 26). Stages of kidney disease . https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about...kidney-disease
Amico, A., Wootan, M. G., Jacobson, M. F., Leung, C., & Willet, A. W. (2021). The demise of artificial trans fat: A history of a public health achievement. Milbank Quarterly , 99 (3), 746–770. doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12515
Amiri, M., Ghiasvand, R., Kaviani, M., Forbes, S. C., & Salehi-Abargouei, A. (2019). Chocolate milk for recovery from exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 73 (6), 835–849. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0187-x
Ampong, I., Watkins, A., Gutierrez-Merino, J., Ikwuobe, J., & Griffiths, H. R. (2020). Dietary protein insufficiency: An important consideration in fatty liver disease? British Journal of Nutrition , 123 (6), 601–609. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519003064
Atkinson, F. S., Brand-Miller, J. C., Foster-Powell, K., Buyken, A. E., & Goletzke, J. (2021). International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values 2021: A systematic review. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 114 (5), 1625–1632. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab233
Bendsen, N. T., Christensen, R., Bartels, E. M., & Astrup, A. (2011). Consumption of industrial and ruminant trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 65 (7), 773–783. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2011.34
Beslay, M., Srour, B., Méjean, C., Allès, B., Fiolet, T., Debras, C., Chazelas, E., Deschasaux, M., Wendeu-Foyet, M. G., Hercberg, S., Galan, P., Monteiro, C. A., Deschamps, V., Calixto Andrade, G., Kesse-Guyot, E., Julia, C., & Touvier, M. (2020). Ultra-processed food intake in association with BMI change and risk of overweight and obesity: A prospective analysis of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort. PLoS Medicine, 17 (8), e1003256. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003256
Borer, K. T. (2023). Are gastrointestinal signals the principal guides to human appetite and energy balance? Medical Research Archives , 11 (1), 10.18103/mra.v11i1.3548. https://doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i1.3548
Catanzaro, R., Sciuto, M., & Marotta, F. (2021). Lactose intolerance: an update on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Nutrition Research . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2021.02.003
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, November 3). Bottled Water . https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/faq...tled_water.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Boil water advisory. https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/eme...-advisory.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Making water safe in an emergency. https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/eme...ater-safe.html
Charles, S. (2022, February 25). Difference between glycemic index and glycemic load. Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/glyce...s-load-5214363
Clark, C., Imran, J., Madni, T., & Wolf, S. E. (2017). Nutrition and metabolism in burn patients. Burns & Trauma, 5 (1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs41038-017-0076-x
Clemente-Suárez VJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Martín-Rodríguez A, Ramos-Campo DJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Tornero-Aguilera JF. (2022, September 15). The Burden of Carbohydrates in Health and Disease. Nutrients , 14 (18):3809. doi: 10.3390/nu14183809. PMID: 36145184; PMCID: PMC9505863.
Currenti, W., Godos, J., Alanazi, A. M., Grosso, G., Cincione, R. I., Vignera, S. L., Buscemi, S., & Galvano, F. (2022). Dietary fats and cardio-metabolic outcomes in a cohort of Italian adults. Nutrients , 14 (4294), 4294. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204294
Dickerson, R. N. (2016). Nitrogen balance and protein requirements for critically ill older patients. Nutrients , 8 (4), 226. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu8040226
Dupuis, C., Bret, A., Janer, A., Guido, O., Bouzgarrou, R., Dopeux, L., Hernandez, G., Mascle, O., Calvet, L., Thouy, F., Grapin, K., Couhault, P., Kinda, F., Laurichesse, G., Bonnet, B., Adda, M., Boirie, Y., & Souweine, B. (2022). Association of nitrogen balance trajectories with clinical outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study. Clinical Nutrition , 41 (12), 2895–2902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.023
Fiolet, T., Srour, B., Sellem, L., Kesse-Guyot, E., Allès, B., Méjean, C., Deschasaux, M., Fassier, P., Latino-Martel, P., Beslay, M., Hercberg, S., Lavalette, C., Monteiro, C. A., & Touvier, M. (2018). Consumption of ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: Results from NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort. The British Medical Journal , 360 , k322. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k322
Garden-Robinson, J., & Christenson, J. (2019). Teens and protein: How much do you need? North Dakota State University. https://www.ndsu.edu/agriculture/ext...ch-do-you-need
Gebhardt, S.E., & Thomas, R.G. (2022, October). Nutritive Value of Foods . United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. Home and Garden Bulletin, 72 . https://www.ars.usda.gov/arsuserfile.../hg72_2002.pdf
Gordon, B., & Klemm, S. (2022, June 23). How much water do you need? The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. https://www.eatright.org/health/esse...er-do-you-need
Guasch-Ferré, M., Zong, G., Willett, W. C., Zock, P. L., Wanders, A. J., Hu, F. B., & Sun, Q. (2019). Associations of monounsaturated fatty acids from plant and animal sources with total and cause-specific mortality in two U.S. prospective cohort studies. Circulation Research, 124 (8), 1266–1275. www.ahajournals.org/doi/full...AHA.118.313996
Guilbeau, J., & Watson, C. S. (2022). Assessment and management of vitamin D deficiency. Women’s Healthcare: A Clinical Journal for NPs , 10 (1), 36–40.
Hauser, M. E., McMacken, M., Lim, A., & Shetty, P. (2022). Nutrition—An evidence-based, practical approach to chronic disease prevention and treatment. Journal of Family Practice , 71 (Suppl. 1), S5–S16. https://doi-org.ezproxy.gvsu.edu/10.12788/jfp.0292
Iwayama, K., Tanabe, Y., Yajima, K., Tanji, F., Onishi, T., & Takahashi, H. (2023). Preexercise high-fat meal following carbohydrate loading attenuates glycogen utilization during endurance exercise in male recreational runners. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research , 37 (3), 661–668. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000004311
Katoch, G. K., Nain, N., Kaur, S., & Rasane, P. (2022). Lactose intolerance, and its dietary management: An update, Journal of the American Nutrition Association, 41 :4, 424–434. doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2021.1891587
Kris-Etherton, P. M., & Krauss, R. M. (2020). Public health guidelines should recommend reducing saturated fat consumption as much as possible: YES. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 112 (1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa110
Liu, A. G., Ford, N. A., Hu, F. B., Zelman, K. M., Mozaffarian, D., & Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2016). A healthy approach to dietary fats: Understanding the science and taking action to reduce consumer confusion. Nutrition Journal, 16 (1), 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-017-0271-4
Llavero-Valero, M., Escalada-San Martín, J., Martínez-González, M. A., Basterra-Gortari, F. J., de la Fuente-Arrillaga, C., & Bes-Rastrollo, M. (2021). Ultra-processed foods and type-2 diabetes risk in the SUN project: A prospective cohort study. Clinical Nutrition , 40 (5), 2817–2824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.039
MacDonald, C. J., Madkia, A.-L., Mounier-Vehier, C., Severi, G., & Boutron-Ruault, M.-C. (2022). Associations between saturated fat intake and other dietary macronutrients and incident hypertension in a prospective study of French women. European Journal of Nutrition , 62 (3), 1207–1215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-022-03053-0
McDermott, B. P., Anderson, S. A., Armstrong, L. E., Casa, D. J., Cheuvront, S. N., Cooper, L., Kenney, W. L., O’Connor, F. G., & Roberts, W. O. (2017). National Athletic Trainers’ Association position statement: Fluid replacement for the physically active. Journal of Athletic Training , 52 (9), 877–895. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.9.02
Metropulos, M. (2023, June 23). What to know about soy. Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/art...types-and-uses
Munoz, N., & Posthauer, M. E. (2022). Nutrition strategies for pressure injury management: Implementing the 2019 International Clinical Practice Guideline . Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 37 (3), 567–582. doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10762
Munoz-Urtubia, N., Vega-Munoz, A., Estrada-Munoz, C., Salazar-Sepulveda, G., Contreras-Barraza, N., & Castillo, D. (2023). Healthy Behavior and Sports Drinks: A Systematic Review. NUTRIENTS , 15 (13), 2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132915
National Kidney Foundation of Hawaii. (n.d.). Understanding the Renal Diet: Protein . https://kidneyhi.org/dietitian-blog/...on-a-ckd-diet/
Precker, M. (2022, January 27). Sound the fiber alarm! Most of us need more of it in our diet. American Heart Association News. https://www.heart.org/en/news/2022/0...it-in-our-diet
Quagliani D, Fe . doi: 10.1177/1559827615588079. PMID: 30202317; PMCID: PMC6124841.
Rajan, E. (2023, April 12). Can you recommend a diet after gallbladder removal? Mayo Clinic. www.mayoclinic.org/tests-pro...t/faq-20057813
Seal, C. J., Courtin, C. M., Venema, K., & de Vries, J. (2021). Health benefits of whole grain: Effects on dietary carbohydrate quality, the gut microbiome, and consequences of processing. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety , 20 (3), 2742–2768. doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12728
Shoaibinobarian, N., Danehchin, L., Mozafarinia, M., Hekmatdoost, A., Eghtesad, S., Masoudi, S., Mohammadi, Z., Mard, A., Paridar, Y., Abolnezhadian, F., Malihi, R., Rahimi, Z., Cheraghian, B., Mir-Nasseri, M. M., Shayesteh, A. A., & Poustchi, H. (2023). The association between DASH diet adherence and cardiovascular risk factors. International Journal of Preventive Medicine , 14 , 24. doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_336_21
Teicholz, N. (2023) A short history of saturated fat: The making and unmaking of a scientific consensus. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity 30 (1), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/med.0000000000000791
Thomas, D. T., Erdman, K. A., & Burke, L. M. (2016). American College of Sports Medicine joint position statement. Nutrition and athletic performance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise , 48 (3) 543–568. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000852
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2022). Food Sources of Dietary Fiber. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/re...trients/food-0
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2022, November 7). How much (dietary) fiber should I eat? Ask USDA. ask.usda.gov/s/article/How-m...r-should-I-eat
U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service. (2019). FoodData Central. fdc.nal.usda.gov
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/si..._2020-2025.pdf
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2023). Private drinking water wells. https://www.epa.gov/privatewells
Watson, S. (2023). Do air fryers have health benefits? WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/air-fryers
Wood, B., Williams, O., Baker, P., & Sacks, G. (2023, April 19). Behind the “creative destruction” of human diets: An analysis of the structure and market dynamics of the ultra-processed food manufacturing industry and implications for public health. Journal of Agrarian Change. 23 (4), 1–33. doi.org/10.1111/joac.12545
Yi-Bing Zhu, Yan Yao, Yuan Xu, & Hui-Bin Huang. (2022). Nitrogen balance and outcomes in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.961207
Abiri, B., & Vafa, M. (2021). Vitamin C and cancer: The role of vitamin C in disease progression and quality of life in cancer patients. Nutrition & Cancer , 73 (8), 1282–1292. doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2020.1795692
Ami, N., Bernstein, M., Boucher, F., Rieder, M., & Parker, L. (2016). Folate and neural tube defects: The role of supplements and food fortification. Paediatrics & Child Health (1205-7088) , 21 (3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/21.3.145
Cowan, A., Tooze, J., Gahche, J, Bhadra, A, Carroll, R., & Bailey, R. (2020). Trends in overall and micronutrient-containing dietary supplement use in adults and children, NHANES 2007-2018. The Journal of Nutrition . doi: doi.org/10.1093.jn/nxac168
Crist, B. L., Alekel, D. L., Ritland, L. M., Hanson, L. N., Genschel, U., & Reddy, M. B. (2009). Association of oxidative stress, iron, and centralized fat mass in healthy postmenopausal women. Journal of Women’s Health (15409996), 18 (6), 795–801. doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2008.0988
Cuskelly, G. J., Mooney, K. M., & Young, I. S. (2007). Folate and vitamin B 12 : friendly or enemy nutrients for the elderly. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 66 (4 pp.548–558), 548–558. https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaa218
Dimitrov, V., Barbier, C., Ismailova, A., Wang, Y., Dmowski, K., Salehi-Tabar, R., Memari, B., Groulx-Boivin, E., & White, J. H. (2021). Vitamin D-regulated gene expression profiles: Species-specificity and cell-specific effects on metabolism and immunity. Endocrinology 162 (2), bqaa218. https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaa218
Farag, M. A., Abib, B., Qin, Z., Ze, X., & Ali, S. E. (2023). Dietary macrominerals: Updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout the life cycle with sex differences. Current Research in Food Science, 6 , 100450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100450
Fletcher, J. (2019). What are the six essential nutrients? Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326132
Hand, I., Noble, L., & Abrams, S. A. (2022). Vitamin K and the newborn infant. Pediatrics , 149 (3), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-056036
Hanna, M., Jaqua, E., Nguyen, V., & Clay, J. (2022). B vitamins: functions and uses in medicine. Permanente Journal, 26 (2), 89–97. doi.org/10.7812/TPP/21.204
Harguth, A. (2022). Why take vitamin and mineral supplements? Mayo Clinic Health System. www.mayoclinichealthsystem.o...ral-supplement.
Ingenbleek, Y., & Kimura, H. (2013). Nutritional essentiality of sulfur in health and disease. Nutrition Reviews, 71 (7), 413–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12050
Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2000. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK225483/ doi: 10.17226/9810
Institute of Medicine (U.S.) Committee on Use of Dietary Reference Intakes in Nutrition Labeling. Dietary Reference Intakes: Guiding Principles for Nutrition Labeling and Fortification. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (U.S.); 2003. 3, Overview of Food Fortification in the United States and Canada. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK208880/
Leung, A. M., Braverman, L. E., & Pearce, E. N. (2012). History of U.S. iodine fortification and supplementation. Nutrients, 4 (11), 1740–1746. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4111740
Lykkesfeldt, J., & Tveden-Nyborg, P. (2019). The pharmacokinetics of vitamin C. Nutrients, 11 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102412
Mishra, S., Stierman, B., Gahche, J. J., & Potischman, N. (2021, February 01). Dietary supplement use among adults: United States, 2017–2018. NCHS Data Brief, no. 399. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.); Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys; NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Statistics. https://doi.org/10.15620/cdc:101131 .
Murphy, S. P., Yates, A. A., Atkinson, S. A., Barr, S. I., & Dwyer, J. (2016). History of nutrition: The long road leading to the dietary reference intakes for the United States and Canada. Advances in Nutrition 7(1), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.010322
National Institutes of Health. (2021a). Pantothenic Acid. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Pa...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2021b). Vitamin C. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2021c). Vitamin E. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health (2021d). Vitamin K. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2022a). Biotin. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Bi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2022b). Choline. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Ch...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2022c). Folate. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Fo...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2022d). Niacin. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Ni...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2022e). Riboflavin. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Ri...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2022f). Vitamin A and Carotenoids. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023). https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/data.html
National Institutes of Health. (2023a). Multivitamin/mineral supplements. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/MV...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023b). Thiamin. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Th...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023c). Vitamin B 12 . https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023d). Vitamin B 6 . https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023e). Vitamin D. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (2018). Vitamins and minerals. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/vit...s-and-minerals
National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. (1994). Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 Public Law 103-417 103rd Congress. https://ods.od.nih.gov/About/DSHEA_Wording.aspx
Newman, J. C., McBurney, M. I., Hunt, K. J., Malek, A. M., & Marriott, B. P. (2020). Modeling possible outcomes of updated Daily Values on nutrient intakes of the United States adult population. Nutrients, 12 (1), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010210
Ofoedu, C.E., Iwouno, J.O., Ofoedu, E.O., Ogueke, C.C., Igwe, V.S. Agunwah, I.M., Ofoedum, A.F., Chacha, J.F., Muobike, O.P., Agunbiade, A.O., Njoku, N.E., Nwakaudu, A.A., Odimegwu,N.E., Ndukauba, O.E., Ogbonna, C.U., Naibaho, J., Korus, M. & Okpala, C.O.R.. (2021). Revisiting food-sourced vitamins for consumer diet and health needs: a perspective review, from vitamin classification, metabolic functions, absorption, utilization, to balancing nutritional requirements. PeerJ , 9 , e11940. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11940
Reddy, P. & Jialal, I. (2022). Biochemistry, fat soluble vitamins. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534869
Rosenbloom, M. (2023, September 11). Vitamin Toxicity Clinical Presentation. Medscape. emedicine.medscape.com/artic...nical?form=fpf
Seres, D. (2023). What supplements do you need? Probably none. Columbia University Irving School of Medicine. https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/...-probably-none
Sjoqvist, F., & Bottiger, Y. (2010). Historical perspectives: drug interactions–it all began with cheese. Journal of Internal Medicine, 268 (6), 512–515. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02300.x
Soliman, N. M. S. E. D., Kotby, A. A., Shabaan, M. A., & Eid, E. M. (2022). Serum chloride and serum sodium derangements in children on prolonged furosemide therapy and their effect on diuretic response. Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette , 70 (1). https://doi-org.ezproxy.gvsu.edu/10....54-022-00116-z
Taylor, C. M., & Emmett, P. M. (2019). Picky eating in children: causes and consequences. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society , 78 (2), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665118002586
United Nations. (2019). The State of the World’s Children 2019: Children, Food and Nutrition–Growing Well in a Changing World. United Nations. https://www.google.com/books/edition...J?hl=en&gbpv=0
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Evolution of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Process and Products: 1980 to Present. (n.d.). https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/media/799
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th Edition. December 2020. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022a). Daily Value on the New Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. https://www.fda.gov/food/new-nutriti...t-facts-labels
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022b). Information for Consumers on Using Dietary Supplements. https://www.fda.gov/food/dietary-sup...ry-supplements
van Gool, J. D., Hirche, H., Lax, H., & Schaepdrijver, L. D. (2020). Fallacies of clinical studies on folic acid hazards in subjects with a low vitamin B 12 status. Critical Reviews in Toxicology , 50 (2), 177–187. https://doi-org.ezproxy.gvsu.edu/10....4.2020.1727842
Weyh, C., Krüger, K., Peeling, P., & Castell, L. (2022). The role of minerals in the optimal functioning of the immune system. Nutrients, 14( 3). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030644
Afzaal, M., Saeed, F., Shah, Y., Hussain., M., Rabail, R., Socol, C., Hassoun, A., Pateiro, M., Lorenzo, J., Rusu, A., & Aadil, R. (2022). Human Gut Microbiota in Health and Disease: Unveiling the Relationship. Frontiers in Microbiology . https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.999001
American Stroke Association. (n.d.). Stroke Symptoms . https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stro...troke-symptoms
Austin Gastroenterology. (2019). Upper Vs. Lower GI Tract: What They Are? Retrieved from https://www.austingastro.com/2019/03...what-are-they/
Bartel, M. (2022). Effects of Ageing on the Digestive System . https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/di...gestive-system
Baton Rouge General (Mayo Clinic Care Network). (2023). Fad Diets and Colon Cancer. Are They Worth the Risk? Retrieved from https://www.brgeneral.org/news-blog/...-worth-the-ri/
Benakis, C. & Liesz, A. (2022). The Gut-Brain Axis in Ischemic Stroke: Its Relevance in Pathology and as a Therapeutic Target. Neurological Research and Practice, 4 (57). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-022-00222-8 . https://neurolrespract.biomedcentral...66-022-00222-8
Bhupathiraju, S., & Hu, F. (2023). Nutrient-Drug Interactions. Merck Manual . https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...g-interactions
Boston Children’s Hospital. (2022). Anorectal Malformation . https://www.childrenshospital.org/co...l-malformation
Chen, R., Yu, Y., Li, W., Liu, Y., Chen, F., Zhou, Q., Xia, Z., & Ma, D. (2020). Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated with Unfavorable Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study. Frontiers in Medicine . DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.608259 . https://www.frontiersin.org/articles...20.608259/full
Cleveland Clinic. (2022a). Digestive System . my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...gestive-system
Cleveland Clinic. (2022b). Gastrointestinal Diseases . my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...tinal-diseases
Cleveland Clinic. (2022c). Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID-19 . https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.or...s-of-covid-19/
Cochran, W. (2022a). Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis. Merck Manual . https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...loric-stenosis
Cochran, W. (2022b). Intussusception. Merck Manual . https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...ntussusception
Cochran, W. (2022c). Meconium Ileus. Merck Manual . https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...meconium-ileus
Cochran, W. (2022d). Meconium Plug Syndrome (Small Left Colon Syndrome). Merck Manual . https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...-plug-syndrome
Cochran, W. (2022e). Necrotizing Enterocolitis . Merck Manual . https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...-enterocolitis
Cochran, W. (2022f). Neonatal Cholestasis. Merck Manual . https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...al-cholestasis
Columbia University Irving Medical Center (n.d.). Congenital Malformations of the Digestive Tract . https://columbiasurgery.org/conditio...igestive-tract
Ding, J., Jin, Z., Yang, X., Lou, J., Shan, W., Hu, Y., Du, Q., Liao, Q., Xie, R., & Xu, J. (2020). Role of Gut Microbiota Via the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis in Digestive Diseases. World Journal of Gastroenterology , 26(40), 6141-6162. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i40.6141. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7596643/
eBioMedicine. (2022). The Dynamics of the Immune System and Gut in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis. The Lancet , 83 (104273). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104273 . www.thelancet.com/journals/e...455-8/fulltext
French, K. (2022). Dozens of Gut Bacteria Associated with Multiple Sclerosis . https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2022/09/42...iple-sclerosis
Gantan, E., & Wiedrich, L. (2022). Neonatal Evaluation. StatPearls . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558943/
GI Associates and Endoscopy Center. (2022a). From the Brain to the Gut (Microbiome) . https://gi.md/resources/articles/fro...gut-microbiome
GI Associates and Endoscopy Center. (2022b). Understanding the Structures of the Digestive System . https://gi.md/resources/articles/und...gestive-system
Guerra, A., & Waseem, M. (2022). Epiglottitis. StatPearls . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430960/
Gunnars, K. (2020). 22 High Fiber Foods You Should Eat . https://www.healthline.com/nutrition...gh-fiber-foods
Johns Hopkins Medicine (2022). Malrotation . Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heal...es/malrotation
Klein, H. (2022). Study Identifies Gut Microbiota Linked to HE Pathophysiology . https://www.ajmc.com/view/study-iden...athophysiology
Lee, J., Tsolis, R., & Baumler, A. (2022). The Microbiome and Gut Homeostasis. Science, 377 (6601), eabp9960. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp9960
Ludwig, K., Bartolo, D., Salerno, A., Ingravello, G., Cazzato, G., Giacometti, C., & Dall’lgna, P. (2022) Congenital Anomalies of the Tubular Gastrointestinal Tract. Pathologica, 114 (1), 40-54. DOI: 10.32074/1591-951X-553
Mayo Clinic. (2022). Epiglottitis . www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...s/syc-20372227
Mealie, C., Ali, R., & Manthey, D. (2022). Abdominal Exam. StatPearls . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459220/
Moffitt Cancer Center (2023). What Foods Reduce the Risk of Colon Cancer? Retrieved from https://moffitt.org/cancers/colon-ca...-colon-cancer/
Munger, R., Kuppuswamy, R., Murthy, J., Balakirshnan, K., Thangaval, G., Sambandam, S., Kurpad, A., Molly, A., Ueland, P., & Mossey, P. (2021). Maternal Vitamin B 12 Status and Risk of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Birth Defects in Tamil Nadu State, India. Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal, 58 (5), 567-576. DOI: 10.1177/1055665621998394. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33686867/
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2022). Your Digestive System and How it Works. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-inf...m-how-it-works
NHS (2023). Fat: The Facts . https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-wel...ats-nutrition/
Nigam, Y., & Knight, J. (2017). Anatomy and Physiology of Ageing 3: The Digestive System. Nursing Times, 113 (4), 54-57. https://cdn.ps.emap.com/wp-content/u...ive-system.pdf
Ogobuiro, I., Gonzales, J., & Tuma, F. (2022). Pathophysiology, Gastrointestinal. StatPearls . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537103/
Patricia, J. & Dahmoon, A. (2022). Physiology, Digestion. StatPearls . Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544242/
Readman, M. (2022). How Long the Digestion Process Takes from Beginning to End . https://www.mindbodygreen.com/articl...to-digest-food
Roscoe, L. (2022). Abdominal Assessment: Palpation . https://correctionalnurse.net/abdomi...ent-palpation/
Shaw, P., Loree, J., Gibbons, R., & McCoy, T. (2023). Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (Nursing). StatPearls . Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568681/
Sidharthan, C. (2022). Gut Microbiome Plays a Role in Alzheimer’s. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20...lzheimers.aspx
Stanford Medicine Children’s Health. (2023a). 5 Ways to Boost Your Child’s Gut Health . Retrieved from https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en...alth-197-29161
Stanford Medicine Children’s Health. (2023b). Congenital Anomalies of the Biliary Tract . Retrieved from https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en...-biliary-tract
Sivakumar, S., & Prabhu, A. (2023). Physiology, Gag Reflex. StatPearls . Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554502/
Tilg, H., Adolph, T., & Trauner, M. (2022). Gut-Liver Axis: Pathophysiological Concepts and Clinical Implications. Cell Metabolism, 34 (11), 1700-1718. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.017. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36208625/
University of Rochester Medical Center. (2022). The Digestive System: An Overview . https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyc...ntentid=P00380
Villa, A. (2022). Oral Examination. Medscape . Retrieved from emedicine.medscape.com/artic...rview?reg=1#a2
Wallen, Z., Demirkan, A., Twa, G., Cohen, G., Dean, M., Standaert, D., Sampson, T., & Payami, H. (2022). Metagenomics of Parkinson’s Disease Implicates the Gut Microbiome in Multiple Disease Mechanisms. Nature Communications , 13(6958). Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-34667-x
Wasser, C., Merceieca, E., Kong, G., Hannon, A., McKeown, S., Glikmann-Johnston, Y., & Stout, J. (2020). Gut dysbiosis in Huntington’s disease: associations among gut microbiota, cognitive performance and clinical outcomes. Brain Communications, 2 (2), fcaa110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcaa110 . Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/braincomms/...caa110/5876019
Weersma, R., Zhernakova, A., & Fu, J. (2020). Interaction Between Drugs and the Gut Microbiome. Gut, 69 , 1510-1519. DOI: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-7371
Ye, Q., Wang, B., Zhang, T., Xu, J., & Shang, S. (2020). The Mechanism and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with COVID 19. American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 319 (2). DOI: doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00148.2020. Retrieved from journals.physiology.org/doi/...pgi.00148.2020
Berkins, S., Schiöth, H. B., & Rukh, G. (2021). Depression and vegetarians: Association between dietary vitamin B 6 , B 12 and folate intake and global and subcortical brain volumes. Nutrients , 13 (6), 1790. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061790
Bhat, Z., Morton, J., Mason, S., Bekhit, A., & Bhat, H. (2019). Obesity and neurological disorders: Dietary perspective of a global menace. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59 (8), 1294–1310. doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1404442
Borshchev, Y., Uspensky, P., & Galagudza, M. (2019). Pathogenetic pathways of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in metabolic syndrome, Life Sciences, 237 . doi.org:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116932
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, June 3). Assessing your weight. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/as...ing/index.html
Choi, S., Hong, D., Young Choi, B., & Won Suh, S. (2020). Zinc in the brain, friend or foe? International Journal of Molecular Science, 21 (23), 8941. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238941
Chugani, H. (2021). Hypermetabolism on pediatric PET scans of brain glucose metabolism: What does it signify? Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 62 (9), 1301–1306. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.256081
D’Angelo, S. (2020). Current evidence on the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on brain health. Current Nutrition and Food Science, 16 (8), 1170–1182. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573401316999200714160126
Dighriri I. M., Alsubaie, A. M., Hakami, F. M., Hamithi, D. M., Alshekh, M. M., Khobrani, F. A., Dalak, F. E., Hakami, A. A., Alsueaadi, E. H., Alsaawi, L. S., Alshammari, S. F., Alqahtani, A. S., Alawi, I. A., Aljuaid, A. A., & Tawhari, M. Q. (2022). Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on brain functions: A systematic review. Cureus 14 (10), e30091. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.30091
Dowis, K., & Banga, S. (2021). The potential health benefits of the ketogenic diet: A narrative review. Nutrients , 13 (5), 1654. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051654
Farag, M. A., Hamouda, S., Gomaa, S., Agboluaje, A., Hariri, M., & Yousof, S. (2021). Dietary micronutrients from zygote to senility: Updated review of minerals’ role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences. Nutrients , 13 (11), 3740. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113740
Farruggia, M. C., & Small, D. M. (2019). Effects of adiposity and metabolic dysfunction on cognition: A review. Physiology & Behavior , 208 , 112578. https://doi-org.ezproxy.gvsu.edu/10....h.2019.112578\
Fekete, M., Szarvas, Z., Fazekas-Pongor, V., Feher, A., Csipo, T., Forrai, J., . . . Varga, J. T. (2023). Nutrition strategies promoting healthy aging: From improvement of cardiovascular and brain health to prevention of age-associated diseases. Nutrients, 15 (1), 47. https://doi-org.ezproxy.gvsu.edu/10.3390/nu15010047
Glenn, J., Madero, E., & Bott, N. (2019). Dietary protein and amino acid intake: Links to the maintenance of cognitive health. Nutrients , 11 (6), 1315. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061315
Grant, B. F., Chou, S. P., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., Kerridge, B. T., Ruan, W. J., Huang, B., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Fan, A., & Hasin, D. S. (2017). Prevalence of 12-month alcohol use, high-risk drinking, and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder in the United States, 2001–2002 to 2012–2013: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. JAMA Psychiatry,74 (9):911–923. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161
Guasch-Ferré, M., Liu, G., Li, Y., Sampson, L., Manson, J. E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Martínez-González, M. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Sun, Q., & Hu, F. B . (2020). Olive oil consumption and cardiovascular risk in U.S. adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 75 (15), 1729–1739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.036
Gudden, J., Vasquez, A., & Bloemendaal, M. (2021). Effects of intermittent fasting on brain and cognitive function, Nutrients, 13 (9), 3166. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093166
Harlyjoy, B. C., Sukmawan, R., Muliawan, H. S., Soerarso, R., Radi, B., & Widyantoro, B. (2019). Plasma brain derived neurotrophic factor level as a modifying factor for trans fat intake and hypertension. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN , 55 , 38–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.02.005
Held, C., Hadziosmanovic, N., Aylward, P., Hagstrom, E., Hochman, J., Stewart, R., White, H., & Wallentin, L. (2022). Body mass index and association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary heart disease—A STABILITY substudy. Journal of the American Heart Association, 11 (3), e023667. doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.023667
Joundi, R. A., Saposnik, G., Martino, R., Fang, J., & Kapral, M. K. (2019). Timing of direct enteral tube placement and outcomes after acute stroke. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases , 28 (12), 104401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecer...is.2019.104401
Mateos-Aparicio, P. & Rodríguez-Moreno, A. (2019, Februrary 27). “The Impact of Studying Brain Plasticity.” Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 13: 66 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2019.00066
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. (2023, May 29). Calculate your body mass index. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/edu...MI/bmicalc.htm
National Institutes of Health. (2023a). Copper . Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Co...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023b). Iodine . Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Io...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023c). Magnesium . Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Ma...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023d). Niacin . Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Ni...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023e). Selenium . Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Se...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023f). Thiamin . Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Th...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023g). Vitamin B 6 . Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023h). Vitamin B 12 . Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023i). Vitamin E . Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023j). Zinc . Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zi...hProfessional/
Ji, X., Compher, C., Irving, S., Kim, J., Dinges, D., & Liu, J. (2021). Serum micronutrient status, sleep quality and neurobehavioural function among early adolescents. Public Health Nutrition, 24 (17), 5815–5825. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980021002329
Jin, U., Park, S. J., & Park, S. M. (2019). Cholesterol metabolism in the brain and its association with Parkinson's disease. Experimental Neurobiology , 28 (5), 554–567. https://doi.org/10.5607/en.2019.28.5.554
Khattak, R., Khattak, M., Ittermann, T., & Völzke, H. (2017). Factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in Pakistan: A global perspective. Journal of Epidemiology , 27 (6), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.je.2016.04.003
Kirkland, E., Sarlo, G., & Holton, K. (2018). The role of magnesium in neurological disorders. Nutrients, 10 (6), 730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060730
Kossoff, E. (2023, May 5). Ketogenic diet. Epilepsy Foundation. https://www.epilepsy.com/treatment/d...ketogenic-diet
Lee, H. (2022). The importance of nutrition in neurological disorders and nutrition assessment methods. Brain & Neuro Rehabilitation , 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.12786/bn.2022.15.e1
Lee, Y., & Siddiqui, W. J. (2023). Cholesterol levels . StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542294/
Leigh, S., & Morris, M. (2020). Diet, inflammation and the gut microbiome: Mechanisms for obesity-associated cognitive impairment. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)—Molecular Basis of Disease, 1866 (6), 165767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165767
Li, D., Zhang, J., & Liu, Q. (2022). Brain cell type-specific cholesterol metabolism and implications for learning and memory. Trends in Neurosciences, 45 (5), 401–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2022.01.002
Liu, C., Xie, J., Xiao, X., Li, T., Li, H., Bai, X., Li, Z., & Wang, W. (2021). Clinical predictors of prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injury combined with extracranial trauma. International Journal of Medical Sciences , 18 (7), 1639–1647. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.54913
Luo, J., Si, H., Jia, Z., & Liu, D. (2021). Dietary anti-aging polyphenols and potential mechanisms. Antioxidants, 10 (2), 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020283
Manson, J., Cook, N., Lee, I., Christen, W., Bassuk, S., Mora, S. Gibson, H., Albert, C., Gordon, D., Copeland, T. D’Agostino, D., Friedenberg, G., Ridge, C., Bubes, V., Giovannucci, E. L., Willett, W. C., Buring, J. E., & VITAL Research Group. (2019). Marine n-3 fatty acids and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 380 , 23–32. doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1811403
Morris, M., Wang, Y., Barnes, L., Bennett, D., Dawson-Hughes, B., & Booth, S. (2018). Nutrients and bioactives in green leafy vegetables and cognitive decline: Prospective study. Neurology , 90 (3), e214–e222. doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004815
Norris, T. L. (2019). Porth’s Essentials of Pathophysiology (5th ed.). LWW.
Pase, M., Himali, J., Beiser, A., Aparicio, H., Satizabal, C. Vasan, R., Sesadri, S., & Jacaues, P. (2018). Sugar- and artificially-sweetened beverages and the risks of incident stroke and dementia: A prospective cohort study. Stroke, 48 (5), 1139–1146. doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.116.016027
Power, L., Mullally, D., Gibney, E., Clarke, M., Visser, M., Volkert, D., Bardon L., de van der Schueren M., Corish, C., & MaNuEL Consortium. (2018). A review of the validity of malnutrition screening tools used in older adults in community and healthcare settings—A MaNuEL study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 24 , 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.02.005
Reddy, V., Palika, R., Ismail, A., Pullakhandam, R., & Reddy, G. (2018). Nutrigenomics: Opportunities & challenges for public health nutrition. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 148 (632). https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1738_18
Roberts, S., Franceschini, M., Silver, R., Taylor, S., Braima, A., Co, R., Sonco, A., … Muentener, P. (2020). Effects of food supplementation on cognitive function, cerebral blood flow, and nutritional status in young children at risk of undernutrition: randomized controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 370 , m2397. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2397
Roser, P., Bajaj, S. S., & Stanford, F. C. (2022). International lack of equity in modern obesity therapy: The critical need for change in health policy. International Journal of Obesity , 46 , 1571–1572. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01176-2
Russ, T., Killin, L., Hannah, J., Batty, G., Deary, I., & Starr, J. (2020). Aluminium and fluoride in drinking water in relation to later dementia risk. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 216 (1), 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.287
Smith, S. H. (2017). Using albumin and prealbumin to assess nutritional status. Nursing , 47 (4), 65–66. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000511805.83334.df
Smith, A. D., & Refsum, H. (2021). Homocysteine—From disease biomarker to disease prevention. Journal of Internal Medicine, 290 (4), 826–854. doi.org/10.1111/joim.13279
Sun, S., Wen, Y., & Li, Y. (2022). Serum albumin, cognitive function, motor impairment, and survival prognosis in Parkinson disease. Medicine , 101 (37), e30324. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000030324
Swanson, D., Block, R., & Mousa, S. A. (2012). Omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA: Health benefits throughout life. Advances in Nutrition , 3 (1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.111.000893
Tobias, A., Ballard, B. D., & Mohiuddin, S. S. (2022). Physiology, water balance. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541059/
Ulíbarri, J., González-Madroño, A., de Villar N., González, P., González B., Mancha, A., Rodríguez, F., & Fernández, G. (2005). CONUT: A tool for controlling nutritional status. First validation in a hospital population. Nutricioón Hospitalaria, 20 (1), 38–45.
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020, December). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020–2025 (9th ed.). https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/si...-2020-2025.pdf
Von Schacky, C. (2020). Omega-3 fatty acids in pregnancy—The case for a target omega-3 index. Nutrients , 12 (4), 898. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040898
Wambogo, E., Ansai, N., Want, C., Tery, A., Fryar, C., Ahluwalia, N., & Ogden, C. (2022). Awareness of the MyPlate Plan: United States, 2017–March 2020, National Health Statistics Reports, 178. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr178.pdf
Wang, R., He, M., Kang, Y., & Jianguo, X. (2020). Controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score is a predictive marker for patients with traumatic brain injury. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery,195, 105909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105909
Ward, R., Zucca, F., Duyn, J., Crichton, R., & Zecca, L. (2014). The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. The Lancet Neurology , 13 (10), 1045–1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70117-6
Więckowska-Gacek, A., Mietelska-Porowska, A., Wydrych, M., & Wojda, U. (2021). Western diet as a trigger of Alzheimer’s disease: From metabolic syndrome and systemic inflammation to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Ageing Research Reviews, 70 , 101397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101397
Wierenga, C., Brischoff-Grethe, A., Rasmusson, G., Bailer, U., Berner, L., Liu, T., & Kaye, W. (2017). Aberrant cerebral blood flow in response to hunger and satiety in women remitted from anorexia nervosa. Frontiers in Nutrition , 4 , 32. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2017.00032
Yasir, M., & Mechanic, O. (2023). Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507777
Yuan, K., Zhu, S., Wang, H., Chen, J., Zhang, X., Xu, P., Xie, Y., Zhu, X., Zhu, W., Sun, W., Xu, G., & Liu, X. (2021). Association between malnutrition and long-term mortality in older adults with ischemic stroke. Clinical Nutrition, 40 , 2535–2542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.018
Al Rubaye, H., Adamson, C. C., & Jadavji, N. M. (2021). The role of maternal diet on offspring gut microbiota development: A review. Journal of Neuroscience Research , 99 (1), 284–293. doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24605
Alrumayh, A., Alfuhaid, F., Sayed, A. J., Tareen, S. U. K., Alrumayh, I., & Habibullah, M. A. (2021). Maternal Periodontal Disease: A Possible Risk Factor for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences , 13 (Suppl 2), S1723–S1727. https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_838_20
Alzheimer’s Disease International (2023, June 19). New study predicts the number of people living with Alzheimer’s disease to triple by 2050. https://www.alzint.org/news-events/n...riple-by-2050/
Arora, S. (2022). Effects of Breakfast on Cognitive Function of Children. ACTA Scientific Nutritional Health , 6(4), 75–79.
Bethlehem, R.A.I., Seidlitz, J., White, S.R. (2022). Brain charts for the human lifespan. Nature, 604 , 525–533. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04554-y
Carazo, A., Macáková, K., Matoušová, K., Krcmová, L. K., Protti, M., & Mladenka, P. (2021). Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity. Nutrients , 13 (5), 1703. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051703
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020, November 3). Water Fluoridation Guidelines & Recommendations . https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/guidelines/index.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022, February 1). Micronutrient Facts. https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/micron...icronutrients/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023a, September 22). Do mothers need more calories while breastfeeding? https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/br...rnal-diet.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023b, September 22). Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the United States. https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html
Chauhan K, Shahrokhi M, Huecker MR. Vitamin D . StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441912/
Chea, N., Tegene, Y., Astatkie, A., & Spigt, M. (2023). Prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women and its differences across relevant subgroups in rural Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition , 42 (1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-023-00358-6
Choi, S., Hong, D. K., Choi, B. Y., & Suh, S. W. (2020). Zinc in the Brain: Friend or Foe? International Journal of Molecular Sciences , 21 (23), 8941. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21238941
Cortés-Albornoz, M. C., García-Guáqueta, D. P., Velez-van-Meerbeke, A., & Talero-Gutiérrez, C. (2021). Maternal Nutrition and Neurodevelopment: A Scoping Review. Nutrients , 13 (10), 3530. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103530
Czarnecka, K., Pilarz, A., Rogut, A., Maj, P., Szymanska, J., Olejnik, L., & Szymanski, P. (2021). Aspartame—True or False? Narrative Review of Safety Analysis of General Use in Products. Nutrients , 13 (6), 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061957
de Havenon A, Delic A, Stulberg E, et al. Association of Preeclampsia with Incident Stroke in Later Life Among Women in the Framingham Heart Study (2021). JAMA Network Open, 4 (4), e215077. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.5077
Dhaliwal, J.S., Rosani, A.R., & Saadabadi, A. (2023). Diazepam. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537022
Dunbar M., & Kirton, A. (2018). Perinatal stroke: mechanisms, management, and outcomes of early cerebrovascular brain injury. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 9, 666–676. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30173-1.
Duttaroy, A., Basak, S. (2020). Maternal dietary fatty acids and their roles in human placental development. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids , 155: 102080, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102080
Dynka, D., Kowalcze, K., & Paziewska, A. (2022). The Role of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Nutrients , 14 (23), 5003. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235003
Elgendy, I., Bukhari, S., Barakat,A., Pepine, C., Lindley, K., Miller E. (2021). Maternal Stroke A Call for Action. Circulation , 143 (7). 727–738. doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051460
Epilepsy Foundation. (2023). Seizure Medication List . https://www.epilepsy.com/tools-resou...edication-list
Fei, H. X., Qian, C. F., Wu, X. M., Wei, Y. H., Huang, J. Y., & Wei, L. H. (2022). Role of micronutrients in Alzheimer's disease: Review of available evidence. World Journal of Clinical Cases , 10 (22), 7631–7641. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v10.i22.7631
Filipi, M., & Jack, S. (2020). Interferons in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability Update. International Journal of MS Care , 22 (4), 165–172. https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2018-063
Francis, H., & Stevenson, R. (2018). Potential for diet to prevent and remediate cognitive deficits in neurological disorders. Journal of Nutrition Reviews , 3(76), 204–217. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nux073
Fryar C., Carroll M., Afful J. (2020). Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity among adults aged 20 and over: United States, 1960–1962 through 2017–2018. NCHS Health E-Stats, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Updated February 8, 2021. www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity-adu /obesity-adult.htm
Georgieff, M. (2020). Iron deficiency in pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 223 (4), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.006 .
Gezmen-Karadag, M., Çelik, E., Kadayifçi, F., Yesildemir, Ö., Öztürk, Y. E., & Agagündüz, D. (2018). Role of food-drug interactions in neurological and psychological diseases. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis , 78 (3), 187–197.
Gleason, J., Sundaram, R., Mitro, S. Hinkle, S., Gilman, S., Zhang, C., Newman, R. … Grantz, K. (2022). Association of Maternal Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy With Child Growth, JAMA Network Open, 5 (10): e2239609. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.39609
Griebsch, L. V., Theiss, E. L., Janitschke, D., Erhardt, V. K. J., Erhardt, T., Haas, E. C., Kuppler, K. N., Radermacher, J., Walzer, O., Lauer, A. A., Matschke, V., Hartmann, T., Grimm, M. O. W., & Grimm, H. S. (2023). Aspartame and Its Metabolites Cause Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial and Lipid Alterations in SH-SY5Y Cells. Nutrients , 15 (6), 1467. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061467
Filipi, M., & Jack, S. (2020). Interferons in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Clinical Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability Update. International Journal of MS Care , 22 (4), 165–172. https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2018-063
Hoyert, DL (2023). Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2021. NCHS Health E-Stats.DOI: 10.1056/EVIDoa2300058Jiang, Z., Yin, X., Wang, M., Chen, T., Wang, Y., Gao, Z., & Wang, Z. (2022). Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Aging and Disease , 13 (4), 1146–1165. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.1217
Kija, E., Gidal, B., Shapson-Coe, A., Cader, S., van der Watt, G., Delport, S., Wilmshurst, J. (2019). Vitamin D abnormalities and bone turn over analysis in children with epilepsy in the Western Cape of South Africa. Seizure, 69, 186–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2019.04.020 .
Larqué E., Morales E., Leis R., Blanco-Carnero J. (2018). Maternal and Foetal Health Implications of Vitamin D Status during Pregnancy. Ann. Nutr. Metab., 72:179–192. doi: 10.1159/000487370.
Leonhard S, Mandarakas M, Gondim F. (2019). Diagnosis and management of Guillain-Barré syndrome in ten steps. National Review Neurology, 15 , 671–683. https:// doi: 10.1038/s41582-019-0250-9
Li, M., Francis E., Hinkle S., Ajjarapu A., Zhang C. (2019). Preconception and Prenatal Nutrition and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 11, 1628. doi: 10.3390/nu11071628.
Li, Q., Liang, J., Fu, N., Han, Y., Qin, J. (2021). A Ketogenic Diet and the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles...ed.2021.650624
Miller, J., LaFountain, R., Barnhart, E., Sapper, T. et al. (2020). A Ketogenic Diet combined with exercise alters mitochondrial function in human skeletal muscle while improving metabolic health, American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism, 319( 6), E995-E1007. doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00305.2020
Richardt A, Aarnio K, Korhonen A, et al. Etiology and risk factors of ischemic stroke during pregnancy and puerperium: A population-based study. European Stroke Journal . 2023;8(2):475-482. doi:10.1177/23969873231170096
Moscatelli, F., De Maria, A., Marinaccio, L. A., Monda, V., Messina, A., Monacis, D., Toto, G., et al. (2023). Assessment of Lifestyle, Eating Habits and the Effect of Nutritional Education among Undergraduate Students in Southern Italy. Nutrients , 15 (13), 2894. MDPI AG. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15132894
Murphy, M. M., Higgins, K. A., Bi, X., & Barraj, L. M. (2021). Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003–2012. Nutrients , 13 (3), 795.
National Institutes of Health. (2021). Magnesium . https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-Consumer/
National Institutes of Health. (2022a). Biotin . https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Bi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2022b). Chromium . https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Ch...hProfessional/
Nawaz, A., Khattak, N.N., Khan, M., Nangyal, H., Sabri, S., Shakir, M. (2020). Deficiency of vitamin B 12 and its relation with neurological disorders: a critical review. Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 81 , 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-020-00148-0
Newman, C., Rabbitt, L., Ero, A., & Dunne, F. P. (2023). Focus on Metformin: Its Role and Safety in Pregnancy and Beyond. Drugs , 83(11), 985–999. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-023-01899-0
Nieto-Ruiz, A., García-Santos, J. A., Bermúdez, M. G., Herrmann, F., Diéguez, E., Sepúlveda-Valbuena, N., García, S., Miranda, M. T., De-Castellar, R., Rodríguez-Palmero, M., Catena, A., & Campoy, C. (2019). Cortical Visual Evoked Potentials and Growth in Infants Fed with Bioactive Compounds-Enriched Infant Formula: Results from COGNIS Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients , 11(10), 2456. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102456
Oei, J. (2020). Alcohol use in pregnancy and its impact on the mother and child. Addiction , 115, 2148–2163. doi.org/10.1111/add.15036
Okuda T. (2019). Dietary Control of Ganglioside Expression in Mammalian Tissues. International journal of Molecular Sciences , 21(1), 177. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010177
Oppedisano, F., Maiuolo, J., Gliozzi, M., Musolino, V., Carresi, C., Nucera, S., Scicchitano, M., et al. (2020). The Potential for Natural Antioxidant Supplementation in the Early Stages of Neurodegenerative Disorders. International Journal of Molecular Sciences , 21 (7), 2618. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072618
Richardt A, Aarnio K, Korhonen A, et al.(2023). Etiology and risk factors of ischemic stroke during pregnancy and puerperium: A population-based study. European Stroke Journal 8 (2):475-482. doi:10.1177/23969873231170096
Rivell, A., Mattson, M. (2019). Intergenerational Metabolic Syndrome and Neuronal Network Hyperexcitability in Autism. Trends Neuroscience, 42, 709–726.
Román, G. C., Jackson, R. E., Gadhia, R., Román, A. N., & Reis, J. (2019). Mediterranean diet: The role of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao, and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease. Revue Neurologique , 175(10), 724–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurol.2019.08.005
Rudloff, S., Bührer, C., Jochum, F., Kauth, T., Kersting, M., Körner, A., Koletzo, B., Mihatsch, W., Prell, C., Reinehr, T., Zimmer, K. (2019). Vegetarian diets in childhood and adolescence. Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics, 6, (4). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-019-0091-z
Safahani, M., Aligholi, H. & Asadi-Pooya, A.A. (2020). Management of antiepileptic drug–induced nutrition-related adverse effects. Neurol Sci, 41, 3491–3502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04573-5
Sanchez, C. Barry, C., Sabhlok, A., Russell, K., Majors, A., Kollins, S., Fuemmeler, B. (2018). Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: A meta-analysis. Obesity Review, 19, 464–484. doi: 10.1111/obr.12643.
Sheehy, S., Aparicio, H., Xu, N., Bertrand, K., Robles, Y., Lioutas, B., Shulman, J., Rosenberg, L., Palmer, J. (2023). Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Risk of Stroke in U.S. Black Women. NEJM Evidence , doi.org:10.1056/EVIDoa2300058
Sipione, S., Monyror, J., Galleguillos, D., Steinberg, N., Kadam, V. (2020). Gangliosides in the Brain: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Applications. Frontiers in Neuroscience , 6(14 ) . https://doi.org : 10.3389/fnins.2020.572965
Steane, S.E., Cuffe, J.S.M. and Moritz, K.M. (2023), The role of maternal choline, folate and one-carbon metabolism in mediating the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on placental and fetal development. J Physiol , 601: 1061–1075. doi.org/10.1113/JP283556
Sun, S., Corbeels, K., Desmet, L., Segers, A., Wang, Q., Van Der Schueren, B., Deporortere, I. (2020). Involvement in the CHSR in the developmental programming and metabolic disturbances induced by maternal undernutrition. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry , 85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108468
Tabaie, E., Reddy, A., Brahmbhatt, H. (2021). A narrative review on the effects of a ketogenic diet on patients with Alzheimer's disease. AIMS Public Health , 9(1), 185–193. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2022014
Tous, M., Villalobos, M., Iglesias, L., Fernández-Barrés, S., Arija V. (2020). Vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 74 , 36–53. doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0373-x.
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2019). Scientific Report of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, Table E3.1.A4 . https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/si...pendix-E-3.pdf
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2022a, August 9). Find Information about a Drug. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/informatio...ion-about-drug
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2020b, November 24). Resources | Drugs . https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-drugs
Verhaegen, AA, Van Gaal, LF. Drugs That Affect Body Weight, Body Fat Distribution, and Metabolism. [Updated 2019 Feb 11]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc., 2000-. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537590/
Xu, Y., Zhang, N., Xu, S., Xu, H., Chen, S., & Xia, Z. (2019). Effects of phenytoin on serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B 12 , folate in patients with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA-compliant article). Medicine , 98(12), e14844. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014844
Zambrano, M., Miller, E. (2019). Maternal Stroke: An Update. Current Atherosclerosis Reports , 21 (9), 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-019-0798-2
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.) Endocrine diseases. https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov...crine-diseases
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2023). Patient education and engagement. https://www.ahrq.gov/health-literacy...ion/index.html
American Diabetes Association. (2019). Lifestyle Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019 . Diabetes Care, 42 (Supplement_1): S46–S60. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-S005
Ardoin, T. W., Hamer, D., Mason, N., Reine, A., Barleycorn, L., Francis, D., & Johnson, A. (2022). Effectiveness of a Patient-Centered Dietary Educational Intervention. The Ochsner journal , 22(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.31486/toj.21.0075
Bets, J., Young, K., Wise, J., Johnson, E., Poe, B., Kruse, D., Korol, O., Johnson, J., Womble, M., & DeSaix. (2022). The Endocrine System. In Anatomy and Physiology 2e. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-a...7-introduction
Bickley, L. S., Szilagyi, P. G., & Hoffman, R. M. (2021). Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking (13th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Braunstein, G. (2022). Hypothyroidism. In Merck Manual Professional Version . Retrieved July 23, 2023, from https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...hypothyroidism
Brown, A., Shi, S., Adas, S., Boyington, J., Cotton, P., Jirles, B., Rajapaske, N., Reedy, J., Regan, K., Xi, D., Zappala, G., Agurs-Collins, T. (2022). A decade of nutrition and health disparities research at NIH, 2010-2019. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 63, E49-E57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.012
Brutsaert, E., (2022). Diabetes Mellitus. In Merck Manual Professional Version. Retrieved August 27, 2023, from https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...es-mellitus-dm
Caballero A. E. (2018). The “A to Z” of Managing Type 2 Diabetes in Culturally Diverse Populations. Frontiers in endocrinology , 9 , 479. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00479
Can, A. & Rehman, A. (Updated 2023, August 14). Goiter. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562161/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023a). Carb counting . Living with Diabetes. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managin...ohydrates.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022a). Diabetes and cultural foods . https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/library...l-eating.html#
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023b). Diabetes meal planning. Living with Diabetes. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managin...an-method.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022b). How to treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Type 1 Diabetes. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/...treatment.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022c). Traditional foods. Native Diabetes Wellness Program. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/ndwp/tr...ods/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023c). What is health literacy? Health Literacy. https://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/learn/index.html
Cushing syndrome: Everything you need to know. (2023, April 7). Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/cu...drome#overview
Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services (2020). Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025 . https://dietaryguidelines.gov .
Gherasim, A., Arhire, L., Niţă, O., Popa, A., Graur, M., & Mihalache, L. (2020). The relationship between lifestyle components and dietary patterns. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 79(3), 311–323. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665120006898
Gray, A. & Threlkeld, R. (Updated 2019). Nutritional Recommendations for Individuals with Diabetes. In Feingold, K., Anawalt, B., Blackman, M., et al., editors. Endotext . South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279012/
Grossman, A. (2022). Overview of adrenal function . In Merck Manual Professional Version . Retrieved July 23, 2023, from https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...renal-function
Hoffman, J. & Sullivan, N. (2020). Medical-surgical nursing: Making connections to practice (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.
Kesari A. & Noel J.Y. (2022, April 16). Nutritional Assessment. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580496/
Kiani, A., Dhuli, K., Donato, K., Aquilanti, B., Velluti, V., Matera, G., Iaconelli, A., Connelly, S., Bellinato, F., Gisondi, P., & Bertelli, M. (2022). Main nutritional deficiencies. Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene , 63 (2 Suppl 3), E93–E101. https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/j...22.63.2S3.2752
Lewis, J. (2022). Overview of electrolytes. In Merck Manual Professional Version. Retrieved August 28, 2023, from https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/ho...f-electrolytes
Mahboub, N., Rizk, R., Karavetian, M., & de Vries, N. (2021). Nutritional status and eating habits of people who use drugs and/or are undergoing treatment for recovery: a narrative review. Nutrition reviews , 79 (6), 627–635. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa095
Martos-Cabrera, M., Gómez-Urquiza, J., Cañadas-González, G., Romero-Bejar, J., Suleiman-Martos, N., Cañadas-De la Fuente, G., & Albendín-García, L. (2021). Nursing-Intense Health Education Intervention for Persons with Type 2 Diabetes: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) , 9 (7), 832. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070832
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2018a). Cushing’s syndrome. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-inf...hings-syndrome
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2021a). Diabetes insipidus. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-inf...etes-insipidus
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2023). Diabetes statistics. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-inf...tes-statistics
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2018b). Adrenal insufficiency & Addison’s disease. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-inf...se/all-content
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2021b). Graves’ disease. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-inf...graves-disease
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2021c). Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-inf...hypothyroidism
National Institutes of Health. (2023). Iodine fact sheet for health professionals. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Io...hProfessional/
National Library of Medicine. (2021). Choosing effective patient education materials. Medical Encyclopedia. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patient...ons/000455.htm
Ni, Y., Liu, S., Li, J., Dong, T., Tao, L., Yuan, L., & Yang, M. (2019). The Effects of Nurse-Led Multidisciplinary Team Management on Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Quality of Life, Hospitalization, and Help-Seeking Behavior of People with Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of diabetes research , 2019 , 9325146. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9325146
Orr, C., Keyserling, T., Ammerman, A., & Berkowitz, S . (2019). Diet quality trends among adults with diabetes by socioeconomic status in the U.S.: 1999–2014. BMC Endocr Disord 19 , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-019-0382-3
Padilla, O. & Abadie, J. (2022). Normal laboratory values. In Merck Manual Professional Version . Retrieved July 23, 2023, from https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...oratory-values
Ravelli, M., & Schoeller, D. (2020). Traditional Self-Reported Dietary Instruments Are Prone to Inaccuracies and New Approaches Are Needed. Frontiers in nutrition , 7 , 90. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00090
Salas-Huetos A. (2020). More evidence of the association of diet with human testicular function—Fish oil supplements. JAMA Netw Open. 3 (1). doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.19569
Samodien, E., Johnson, R., Pheiffer, C., Mabasa, L., Erasmus, M., Louw, J., & Chellan, N. (2019). Diet-induced hypothalamic dysfunction and metabolic disease, and the therapeutic potential of polyphenols. Molecular metabolism , 27 , 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2019.06.022
Sapra A, Bhandari P. Diabetes. [Updated 2023 May 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551501/
Shi, L., Rath, M., & Niedzwiecki, A. (2021). Dietary Vitamin C and Age-Induced Lipid and Hormonal Metabolic Changes in a Humanized Mouse Model Not Synthesizing Vitamin C and Producing Lipoprotein(a) [Gulo (-/-); Lp(a)+]. Journal of nutrition and metabolism , 2021 , 5591697. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5591697
Shrimanker, I. & Bhattarai, S. (2023, July 24). Electrolytes. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541123/
Tan, D. X., Xu, B., Zhou, X., & Reiter, R. J. (2018). Pineal Calcification, Melatonin Production, Aging, Associated Health Consequences and Rejuvenation of the Pineal Gland. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) , 23 (2), 301. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23020301
Xenou, M., & Gourounti, K. (2021). Dietary Patterns and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Systematic Review. Maedica , 16 (3), 516–521. https://doi.org/10.26574/maedica.2020.16.3.516
Young, W. (2022). Overview of endocrine disorders. In Merck Manual Professional Version. Retrieved July 23, 2023, from https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...rine-disorders
Adigun, O. O., Nguyen, M., Fox, T. J., & Anastasopoulou, C. (2023). Acromegaly. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431086/
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (n.d.). Effective health care program: Diabetes. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov...opics/diabetes
Akanmode, A. M., & Mahdy, H. (2023). Macrosomia . StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557577/
Allen, M. J., & Sharma, S. (2023). Physiology, adrenocorticotropic hormone . StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500031/
American Diabetes Association. (n.d.). Vitamins and supplements . https://diabetes.org/healthy-living/...amins-diabetes
Bellastella, G., Scappacticcio, L., Caiazzo, F., Tomasuolo, M., Carotenuto, R., Caputo, M., Arena, S., Caruso, P., Maiorino, M. I., & Esposito, K. (2022). Mediterranean diet and thyroid: An interesting alliance. Nutrients , 14 (19), 4130. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194130
Breehl, L., & Caban, O. (2023). Physiology, puberty. StatPearls. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30521248/
California Department of Public Health. (2018). California MyPlate for Gestational Diabetes. Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health Division, Center for Family Health. https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CFH...alDiabetes.pdf
Campbell, M., & Jialal, I. (2022). Physiology, endocrine hormones. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538498/
Can, A. S., & Rehman, A. (2023). Goiter. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562161/
Caputo, M., Pigni, S., Agosti, E., Daffara, T., Ferrero, A., Filigheddu, N., & Prodam, F. (2021). Regulation of GH and GH signaling by nutrients. Cells, 10 (6), 1376. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061376
Chaudhry, H. S., & Singh, G. (2023). Cushing syndrome. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470218/
Chen, C. C., Chen, C. L., & Ko, Y. (2020). The misconceptions and determinants of diabetes knowledge in patients with diabetes in Taiwan. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2020 , 2953521. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2953521
Chen, C., Zhang, Y., Sun, W., Chen, Y., Jiang, Y., Song, Y., Lin, Q., Zhu, L., Zhu, Q., Wang, X., & Jiang, F. (2017). Investigating the relationship between precocious puberty and obesity: A cross sectional study in Shanghai, China. BMJ Journals. doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014004
Chung, A., Vieira, D., Donley, T., Tan, N., Jean-Louis. G., Kiely Gouley, K., & Seixas, A. (2021, June 3). Adolescent Peer Influence on Eating Behaviors via Social Media: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research , 23 (6):e19697. https://doi.org/10.2196/19697 . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34081018/
DailyMed, (2023, February 19). Levothyroxine sodium capsule. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme...d-eeaaf2a0e364
Dugandzic, M. K., Pierre-Michel, E. C., & Kalayjian, T. (2022). Ketogenic diet initially masks symptoms of hypercortisolism in Cushing’s disease. Metabolites, 12 (11), 1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111033
Ellison, D. (2019). Clinical pharmacology in diuretic use. CJASN, 14 (8): 1248-1257. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.09630818
Franceschi, R., Rizzardi, C., Maines, E., Liguori, A., Soffiati, M., & Tornese, G. (2021). Failure to thrive in infant and toddlers: A practical flowchart-based approach in a hospital setting. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 47 (1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01017-4
Gray, A., & Threlkeld, R. J. (2019). Nutritional recommendations for individuals with diabetes. Endotext . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279012/
Herrick, E. & Bordoni, B. (2023). Embryology, placenta. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551634/
Hysaj, O., Marques-Gallego, P., Richard, A., Elgizouli, M., Nieters, A., Quack Lotscher, K. C., & Rohrmann, S. (2021). Parathyroid hormone in pregnancy: Vitamin D and other determinants. Nutrients, 13 (2), 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020360
Jain, M., & Saber, A. Y. (2023). Dwarfism . StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563282/
Jennings, L. K., & Mahdy, H. (2022). Hyperemesis gravidarum . StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532917/
Jouanne, M., Oddoux, S., Noel, A., Voisin-Chiret, A. S. (2021). Nutrient requirements during pregnancy and lactation. Nutrients , 13 (2), 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020692
Kepley, J. M., Bates, K., & Mohiuddin, S. S. (2023). Physiology, maternal changes. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539766/
Khan, M., Jose, A., & Sharma, S. (2022). Physiology, parathyroid hormone. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499940/
Kiebzak, W., Żurawski, A., Głuszek, S., Kosztołowicz, M., & Białek, W. A. (2021). Cortisol levels in infants with central coordination disorders during Vojta Therapy. Children (Basel, Switzerland) , 8 (12), 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8121113
Kobylinska, M., Antosik, K., Decyk, A., & Kurowska, K. (2022). Malnutrition in obesity: Is it possible? Obesity Facts , 15 (1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1159/000519503
Kota, A. S., & Ejaz, S. (2023). Precocious puberty. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544313/
Kurtoglu, S., Direk, G., Tatli, Z. U., & Hatipoglu, N. (2019). Transient endocrinologic problems in the newborn period. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics , 54( 1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2019.04810
Lui, G., Guo, J., Zhang, X., Lu, Y., Miao, J., & Xue, H. (2021). Obesity is a risk factor for central precocious puberty: A case control study. BMC Pediatrics , 21 (509). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02936-1
Mathew, P., Kaur, J., & Rawla, P. (2023). Hyperthyroidism. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537053/
Mohn, E. S., Kern, H. J., Saltzman, E., Mitmesser, S. H., & McKay, D. L. (2018). Evidence of drug-nutrient interactions with chronic use of commonly prescribed medications: An update. Pharmaceutics , 10( 1), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10010036
Molfino, A., Imbimbo, G., & Muscaritoli, M. (2021). Endocrinological and nutritional implications of anorexia of aging. Endocrines, 2( 4), 439–448. https://doi.org/10.3390/endocrines2040039
Munir, S., Quintanilla, B. S., & Waseem, M. (2023). Addison disease. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441994/
Murray, P. & Clayton, P. (2022). Disorders of growth hormone in childhood. In: Feingold K., Anawalt, B, Blackman, M., et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278971/
Nana, M. & Williamson, C. (2022). Pituitary and adrenal disorders of pregnancy . In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279043/
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2020). Acromegaly . National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-inf...ses/acromegaly
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2017). Thyroid disease and pregnancy . National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-inf...hyroid-disease
National Institutes of Health. (2022a). Iodine . Office of Dietary Supplements, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-Consumer/
National Institutes of Health. (2022b). Selenium . Office of Dietary Supplements, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Se...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2022c). Vitamin D . Office of Dietary Supplements, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
Nazeri, P., Shariat, M., & Azizi, F. (2021). Effects of iodine supplementation during pregnancy on pregnant women and their offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials over the past 3 decades. European Society of Endocrinology, 184 (1), 91–106. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-20-0927
Osowiecka, K., & Myskowska-Ryciak, J. (2023). The influence of nutritional intervention in the treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis—A systematic review. Nutrients, 15 (4), 1041. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15041041
Pancheva, R., Zhelyazkova, D., Ahmed, F., Gillon-Keren, M., Usheva, N., Bocheva, Y., Boyadzhieva, M., Valchev, G., Yotov, Y., & Iotova, V. (2021). Dietary intake and adherence to the recommendations for healthy eating in patients with type 1 diabetes: A narrative review. Frontiers in Nutrition , 8, 782670. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.782670
Patil, N., Rehman, A., & Jialal, I. (2023). Hypothyroidism. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519536/
Quintanilla Rodrigquez, B. S., & Mahdy, H. (2022). Gestational diabetes. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545196/
Rad, S. & Deluxe, L. (2023). Postpartum thyroiditis. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557646/
Rasmussen, L., Poulsen, C. W., Kampmann, U., Bech Smedegaard, S., Ovesen, P. G., & Fuglsang, J. (2020). Diet and healthy lifestyle in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutrients , 12 (10), 3050. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103050
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2023). Explore data by demographic . State of Childhood Obesity. https://stateofchildhoodobesity.org/...a/ages-10-17/#
Rodolico, C., Bonanno, C., Pugliese, A., Nicocia, G., Benvenga, S., & Toscano, A. (2020). Endocrine myopathies: Clinical and histopathological features of the major forms. Acta Myologica , 39 (3), 130–135. https://doi.org/10.36185/2532-1900-017
Rozance, P. J. (2023). Management and outcome of neonatal hypoglycemia . UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ma...glycemia/print
Sapra, A., & Bhandari, P. (2023). Diabetes. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551501/
Sedaghat, G., Montazerifar, F., Keykhaie, M. A., Karajibani, M., Shourestani, S., & Dasipour, A. (2021). Effect of pre-meal water intake on serum levels of copeptin, Glycemic control, lipid profile, and anthropometric indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders , 20 (1), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00724-9
Shah, N., Wang., M. Freaney, P., Perak, A., Carnethon, M., Kandula, N., Gunderson, E., Bullard, K., Grobman, W., O’Brien,M., & Khan, S. (2021). Trends in gestational diabetes at first live birth by race and ethnicity in the US, 2011-2019. JAMA , 326 (7): 660-669. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.7217
Singh, S., & Sandhu, S. (2023). Thyroid disease and pregnancy. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538485
Soliman, A., Alaaraj, N., Hamed, N., Alyafei, F., Ahmed, S., Shaat, M., Itani, M., Elalaily, R., & Soliman, N. (2022). Nutritional interventions during adolescence and their possible effects. Acta Biomedica , 93 (1), e2022087. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v93i1.12789
Stotz, S., Charron-Prochownik, D., Terry, M., Marshall, G., Fischl, A., & Moore, K. (2021). Stopping gestational diabetes in American Indian and Alaska Native girls: Nutrition as a key component to gestational diabetes risk reduction. Current Developments in Nutrition , 5 (4): 13-21. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa081
Tan, G. N., Tan, P. C., Hong, J. G. S., Kartik, B., & Omar, S. Z. (2021). Rating of four different foods in women with hyperemesis gravidarum: A randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open , 11 (5), e046528. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046528
Teska, M. (2023, March 27). Can children develop Type 2 diabetes? Mayo Clinic Health System. https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.o...ype-2-diabetes
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2020). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020–2025. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/si..._2020-2025.pdf
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2023). Mercury in food and dietary supplements. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.fda.gov/food/environment...ry-supplements
Van den Beld, A., Kaufman, J. M., Zillikens, M. C., Lamberts, S. W. J., Egan, J. M., & van der Lely, A. J. (2018). The physiology of endocrine systems with ageing. Lancets Diabetes Endocrinology , 6 (8), 647–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30026-3
Wiesner, A., Gajewska, D., & Pasko, P. (2021). Levothyroxine interactions with food and dietary supplements: A systematic review . Pharmaceuticals , 14 (3), 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14030206
American Society of Hematology. (n.d.). Blood basics . https://www.hematology.org/education...s/blood-basics
Barnes, M., Hanson, C. L., Novilla, L. B., Magnusson, B. M., Crandall, A., & Bradford, G. (2020). Family-centered health promotion: Perspectives for engaging families and achieving better health outcomes. Inquiry , 57 , 004695802092353. doi.org/10.1177/0046958020923537
Burton, J. K., Yates, L. C., Whyte, L., Fitzsimons, E., & Stott, D. J. (2020). New horizons in iron deficiency anaemia in older adults. Age and Ageing , 49 (3), 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz199
Doenges, M. E., Moorhouse, M. F., & Murr, A. C. (2022). Nursing diagnosis manual: Planning, individualizing, and documenting client care . F. A. Davis.
Golan, Y., & Assaraf, Y.G. (2020, May 21). Genetic and Physiological Factors Affecting Human Milk Production and Composition. Nutrients , 12 (5). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051500
Grzymisławska, M., Puch, E. A., Zawada, A., & Grzymisławski, M. (2020). Do nutritional behaviors depend on biological sex and cultural gender? Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine , 29 (1), 165–172. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/111817
Hooker, S. A., Punjabi, A., Justesen, K., Boyle, L., & Sherman, M. D. (2018). Encouraging health behavior change: Eight evidence-based strategies. Family Practice Management , 25 (2), 31–36.
Kaur, D., Rasane, P., Singh, J., Kaur, S., Kumar, V., Mahato, D. K., Dey, A., Dhawan, K., & Kumar, S. (2019). Nutritional interventions for elderly and considerations for the development of geriatric foods. Current Aging Science , 12 (1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609812666190521110548
Le, C. H. H. (2016). The prevalence of anemia and moderate-severe anemia in the U.S. population (NHANES 2003-2012). PLOS ONE , 11 (11), e0166635. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166635
Lee, M. K., & Chung, W. J. (2021). Relationship between symptoms and both stage of change in adopting a healthy life style and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis: a cross-sectional study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes , 19 , 148. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01787-9
Lulloff, A., Vessey, J. A., Bashore, L., & Gregas, M. (2019). Nutrition-related clinical decision making of pediatric oncology nurses. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing , 36 (5), 352–360. doi.org/10.1177/1043454219844233
Márquez, E. J., Chung, C., Marches, R., Rossi, R. J., Nehar-Belaid, D., Eroglu, A., Mellert, D. J., Kuchel, G. A., Banchereau, J., & Ucar, D. (2020). Sexual-dimorphism in human immune system aging. Nature Communications , 11 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14396-9
Maxfield, L., & Crane, J. S. (2022). Vitamin C deficiency. In StatPearls [Internet] . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493187/
Nakabayashi, J., Melo, G. R., & Toral, N. (2020). Transtheoretical model-based nutritional interventions in adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Public Health , 20 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09643-z
National Institutes of Health. (2023, June 15). Iron: Fact sheet for health professionals . Office of Dietary Supplements. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Ir...hProfessional/
NCSBN. (2022). Clinical Judgment Measurement Model: A framework to measure clinical judgment & decision making . https://www.nclex.com/clinical-judgm...ent-model.page
Nemati, R., McEntyre, C., Li, B., Phillips, I., & Sies, C. (2022). Fat-soluble vitamins: Mechanisms and metabolism: A narrative review. New Zealand Journal of Medical Laboratory Science , 76 (1), 03–08.
Read, A. F., Waljee, A. K., Sussman, J. B., Singh, H., Chen, G. Y., Vijan, S., & Saini, S. D. (2021). Testing practices, interpretation, and diagnostic evaluation of iron deficiency anemia by U.S. primary care physicians. JAMA Network Open , 4 (10), e2127827. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27827
Serón-Arbeloa, C., Labarta-Monzón, L., Puzo-Foncillas, J., Mallor-Bonet, T., Lafita-López, A., Bueno-Vidales, N., & Montoro-Huguet, M. A. (2022). Malnutrition screening and assessment. Nutrients , 14 (12), 2392. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122392
Sizar, O., Khare, S., Goyal, A., & Givlar, A. (2022). Vitamin D deficiency. In StatPearls [Internet] . https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30335299/
Socha, D., DeSouza, S. I., Flagg, A., Sekeres, M. A., & Rogers, H. J. (2020). Severe megaloblastic anemia: Vitamin deficiency and other causes. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine , 87 (3), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.87a.19072
National Lipid Association. (2021, May). The readiness to change conversation . The Clinician’s Lifestyle Modification Toolbox. https://www.lipid.org/clmt
Walker-Clarke, A., Walase, L., & Meye, C. (2022). Psychosocial factors influencing the eating behaviours of older adults: A systematic review. Ageing Research Reviews , 77 , 101597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2022.101597
Wiafe, M. A., Apprey, C., & Annan, R. A. (2023). Impact of nutrition education and counseling on nutritional status and anaemia among early adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Human Nutrition & Metabolism , 31 , 200182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hnm.2022.200182
Yu, J. C., Shliakhtsitsava, K., Wang, Y., Paul, M. R., Farnaes, L., Wong, V. W., Kim, J., & Thornburg, C. D. (2019). Hematologic manifestations of nutritional deficiencies: Early recognition is essential to prevent serious complications. Journal of Pediatric Hematology Oncology . https://doi.org/10.1097/mph.0000000000001338
Zhong, Y., Patel, N., Ferris, M. E., & Rak, E. (2020). Health literacy, nutrition knowledge, and health care transition readiness in youth with chronic kidney disease or hypertension: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Child Health Care , 24 (2), 246–259. doi.org/10.1177/1367493519831493
Achebe, M., & Gafter-Gvili, A. (2017). How I treat anemia in pregnancy: iron, cobalamin, and folate. Blood , 129 (8), 940–949. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-08-672246
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2022). Newborns need vitamin K shortly after birth to prevent bleeding disease . HealthyChildren.org. https://www.healthychildren.org/Engl...g-Disease.aspx
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2021). Anemia in pregnancy . https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinic...a-in-pregnancy
American Society of Hematology. (2009, January 29). The problem with sickled cells. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkC5Hf-AKwo
Ambrosy, A. P., Gurwitz, J. H., Tabada, G. H., Artz, A. S., Schrier, S. L., Rao, S. V., Barnhart, H. X., Reynolds, K., Smith, D. H., Peterson, P. N., Sung, S. H., Cohen, H. J., Go, A. S., & Investigators, R. H. (2019). Incident anaemia in older adults with heart failure: rate, aetiology, and association with outcomes. European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes , 5 (4), 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcz010
Ankar, A. & Kumar, A. (2022, October 22). Vitamin B 12 Deficiency . StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/N...port=printable
Araki, S., & Shirahata, A. (2020). Vitamin K deficiency bleeding in infancy. Nutrients , 12 (3), 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030780
Ballestín, S. S., Campos, M. I. G., Ballestín, J. B., & Bartolomé, M. J. L. (2021). Is supplementation with micronutrients still necessary during pregnancy? A review. Nutrients , 13 (9), 3134. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093134
Benson, A. E., Shatzel, J. J., Ryan, K. S., Hedges, M. A., Martens, K. L., Aslan, J. E., & Lo, J. O. (2022). The incidence, complications, and treatment of iron deficiency in pregnancy. European Journal of Haematology , 109 (6), 633–642. doi.org/10.1111/ejh.13870
Berg, E. K. (2019). Performance nutrition for the adolescent athlete: A realistic approach. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine , 29 (5), 345–352. https://doi.org/10.1097/jsm.0000000000000744
Burton, J., Yates, L., Whyte, L., Fitzsimons, E. J., & Stott, D. J. (2020). New horizons in iron deficiency anaemia in older adults. Age and Ageing , 49 (3), 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz199
Busti, F., Marchi, G., Ugolini, S., Castagna, A., & Girelli, D. (2018). Anemia and iron deficiency in cancer patients: Role of iron replacement therapy. Pharmaceuticals , 11 (4), 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph11040094
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023a). What is hemophilia? National Center for Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hemophilia/facts.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023b). What is vitamin K deficiency bleeding? https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/vitamink/facts.html
Chardalias, L., Papaconstantinou, I., Gklavas, A., Politou, M., & Theodosopoulos, T. (2023). Iron deficiency anemia in colorectal cancer patients: Is preoperative intravenous iron infusion indicated? A narrative review of the literature. Cancer Diagnosis & Prognosis , 3 (2), 163–168. https://doi.org/10.21873/cdp.10196
Cochrane, K. M., Hutcheon, J. A., & Karakochuk, C. D. (2022). Iron-deficiency prevalence and supplementation practices among pregnant women: A secondary data analysis from a clinical trial in Vancouver, Canada. Journal of Nutrition , 152 (10), 2238–2244. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxac135
Desbrow, B. (2021). Youth athlete development and nutrition. Sports Medicine , 51 (S1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01534-6
Drakesmith, H., Pasricha, S., Cabantchik, I., Hershko, C., Weiss, G., Girelli, D., Stoffel, N. U., Muckenthaler, M. U., Nemeth, E., Camaschella, C., Klenerman, P., & Zimmermann, M. B. (2021). Vaccine efficacy and iron deficiency: An intertwined pair? The Lancet Haematology , 8 (9), e666–e669. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3026(21)00201-5
Eiduson, R., Heeney, M. M., Kao, P., London, W. B., Fleming, M. D., & Shrier, L. A. (2021). Prevalence and predictors of iron deficiency in adolescent and young adult outpatients: Implications for screening. Clinical Pediatrics , 000992282110596. doi.org/10.1177/00099228211059647
Fulton, A. (2022, August 31). What’s normal when it comes to menstrual bleeding? Healthy Women. https://www.healthywomen.org/conditi...-during-period
Giannini, S., Giusti, A., Minisola, S., Napoli, N., Passeri, G., Rossini, M., & Sinigaglia, L. (2022). The immunologic profile of vitamin d and its role in different immune-mediated diseases: An expert opinion. Nutrients , 14 (3), 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030473
Gilreath, J. A., & Rodgers, G. M. (2020). How I treat cancer-associated anemia. Blood , 136 (7), 801–813. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019004017
Goldberg, E. K., Neogi, S., Lal, A., Higa, A., & Fung, E. B. (2018). Nutritional deficiencies are common in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia and associated with iron overload. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research , 6 (10), 674–681. https://doi.org/10.12691/jfnr-6-10-9
Hand, I., Noble, L., & Abrams, S. A. (2022). Vitamin K and the newborn infant. Pediatrics , 149 (3). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-056036
Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health. (2023, March 7). Iron . The Nutrition Source. https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/iron/
Hod, E. A., Brittenham, G. M., Bitan, Z. C., Feit, Y. M. Z., Gaelen, J. I., La Carpia, F., Sandoval, L. A., Zhou, A., Soffing, M., Mintz, A., Schwartz, J. E., Eng, C., Scotto, M., Caccappolo, E., Habeck, C. G., Stern, Y., McMahon, D. J., Kessler, D., Shaz, B. H., . . . Spitalnik, S. L. (2022). A randomized trial of blood donor iron repletion on red cell quality for transfusion and donor cognition and well-being. Blood , 140 (25), 2730–2739. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2022017288
Ismail, S., Eljazzar, S., & Ganji, V. (2023). Intended and unintended benefits of folic acid fortification—A narrative review. Foods , 12 (8), 1612. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12081612
Jefferds, M. E., Mei, Z., Addo, Y., Hamner, H. C., Perrine, C. G., Flores-Ayala, R., Pfeiffer, C. M., & Sharma, A. J. (2022). Iron deficiency in the United States: Limitations in guidelines, data, and monitoring of disparities. American Journal of Public Health , 112 (S8), S826–S835. doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2022.306998
Kaur, D., Rasane, P., Singh, J. P., Kaur, S., Kumar, V., Mahato, D. K., Dey, A., Dhawan, K., & Kumar, S. (2019). Nutritional interventions for elderly and considerations for the development of geriatric foods. Current Aging Science , 12 (1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874609812666190521110548
Khan, K. M. (2023, June 26). Folic acid deficiency . StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535377
Kontele, I., & Vassilakou, T. (2021). Nutritional risks among adolescent athletes with disordered eating. Children (Basel) , 8 (8), 715. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8080715
Lim, M. Y., Guo, W., Presson, A. P., Bray, P. F., & Rodgers, G. M. (2020). High prevalence of overweight/obesity in adult persons with hemophilia in Utah and a review of the literature. Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis , 31 (8), 522–529. https://doi.org/10.1097/mbc.0000000000000957
Mairbäurl, H., Kilian, S., Seide, S., Muckenthaler, M. U., Gassmann, M., & Benedict, R. K. (2023). The increase in hemoglobin concentration with altitude differs between world regions and is less in children than in adults. HemaSphere , 7 (4), e854. https://doi.org/10.1097/hs9.0000000000000854
Malek, A. M., Newman, J. C., Hunt, K. J., & Marriott, B. P. (2019). Race/ethnicity, enrichment/fortification, and dietary supplementation in the U.S. population, NHANES 2009–2012. Nutrients , 11 (5), 1005. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051005
Mansour, D., Hofmann, A., & Gemzell-Danielsson, K. (2021). A review of clinical guidelines on the management of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia in women with heavy menstrual bleeding. Advances in Therapy , 38 (1), 201–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-020-01564-y
Mattiello, V., Schmugge, M., Hengartner, H., Von Der Weid, N., & Renella, R. (2020). Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency in children with or without anemia: Consensus recommendations of the SPOG Pediatric Hematology Working Group. European Journal of Pediatrics , 179 (4), 527–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03597-5
McCaskill, M. L., Ogunsakin, O. A., Hottor, T., Harville, E. W., & Kruse-Jarres, R. (2018). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and diet mediates vaso-occlusive related hospitalizations in sickle-cell disease patients. Nutrients , 10 (10), 1384. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101384
Means, R. T. (2020). Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia: Implications and impact in pregnancy, fetal development, and early childhood parameters. Nutrients , 12 (2), 447. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020447
Meek, J. Y., Noble, L., & Section on Breastfeeding. (2022). Policy statement: Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics , 150 (1), e2022057988. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-057988
Milman, N. (2021). Managing genetic hemochromatosis: An overview of dietary measures, which may reduce intestinal iron absorption in persons with iron overload. Gastroenterology Research , 14 (2), 66–80. https://doi.org/10.14740/gr1366
Miniero, R., Talarico, V., Galati, M. C., Giancotti, L., Saracco, P., & Raiola, G. (2019). Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in children. IntechOpen eBooks . https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.79790
Moustarah, F. (2022, October 22). Dietary iron . StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK540969/
Natalucci, V., Virgili, E., Calcagnoli, F., Valli, G., Agostini, D., Zeppa, S., Barbieri, E., & Emili, R. (2021). Cancer related anemia: An integrated multitarget approach and lifestyle interventions. Nutrients , 13 (2), 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020482
National Center for Health Statistics. (2023). Health, United States, 2020–2021: Annual Perspective . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:122044
National Institutes of Health. (2022, December 22). Vitamin B 12 . Office of Dietary Supplements. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health. (2023, June 15). Iron . Office of Dietary Supplements. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Ir...hProfessional/
Nour, N. M. (2022). Optimize detection and treatment of iron deficiency in pregnancy. OBG Management , 34 (5). doi.org/10.12788/obgm.0194
Pai, U., Chandrasekhar, P., Carvalho, R., & Kumar, S. A. (2018). The role of nutrition in immunity in infants and toddlers: An expert panel opinion. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health , 6 (4), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2017.11.004
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. (2020a). Nutritional requirements throughout the life cycle. Nutrition Guide for Clinicians. nutritionguide.pcrm.org/nutr...the_Life_Cycle
Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. (2020b). Sickle cell disease. Nutrition Guide for Clinicians. nutritionguide.pcrm.org/nutr...e_Cell_Disease
Pivina, L., Semenova, Y., Dosa, M. D., Dauletyarova, M., & Bjørklund, G. (2019). Iron deficiency, cognitive functions, and neurobehavioral disorders in children. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience , 68 (1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-019-01276-1
Porter, J. L., & Prashanth, R. (2023, March 31). Hemochromatosis . StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430862
Porto, A., & Abu-Alreesh, S. (2022, August 24). Vitamin D for babies, children & adolescents . HealthyChildren.org. https://www.healthychildren.org/Engl...he-Double.aspx
Rodríguez-Mañas, L., Murray, R., Glencorse, C., & Sulo, S. (2023). Good nutrition across the lifespan is foundational for healthy aging and sustainable development. Frontiers in Nutrition , 9 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.1113060
Rotstein, A., Kodesh, A., Goldberg, Y., Reichenberg, A., & Levine, S. Z. (2022). Serum folate deficiency and the risks of dementia and all-cause mortality: A national study of old age. Evidence-based Mental Health , 25 (2), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmental-2021-300309
Safiri, S., Kolahi, A., Noori, M., Nejadghaderi, S. A., Karamzad, N., Bragazzi, N. L., Sullman, M. J., Abdollahi, M., Collins, G. S., Kaufman, J. S., & Grieger, J. A. (2021). Burden of anemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Journal of Hematology & Oncology , 14 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-021-01202-2
Sharma, A. J., Addo, O. Y., Mei, Z., & Suchdev, P. S. (2019). Reexamination of hemoglobin adjustments to define anemia: altitude and smoking. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 1450 (1), 190–203. doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14167
Sharma, A. J., Ford, N. D., Bulkley, J. E., Jenkins, L., Vesco, K. K., & Williams, A. (2021). Use of the electronic health record to assess prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in pregnancy. Journal of Nutrition , 151 (11), 3588–3595. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab254
Sickle-Cell.com. (2023, April). Can my diet help manage my pain crises? https://sickle-cell.com/living/diet-nutrition
Smith, C. H., Teng, F., Branch, E., Chu, S. W., & Joseph, K. (2019). Maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with anemia in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology , 134 (6), 1234–1244. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000003557
Socha, D., DeSouza, S. I., Flagg, A., Sekeres, M. A., & Rogers, H. J. (2020). Severe megaloblastic anemia: Vitamin deficiency and other causes. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine , 87 (3), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.87a.19072
Srichairatanakool, S., Koonyosying, P., & Fucharoen, S. (2020). Diet-related thalassemia associated with iron overload. IntechOpen eBooks . https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91998
Stauder, R., Valent, P., & Theurl, I. (2018). Anemia at older age: etiologies, clinical implications, and management. Blood , 131 (5), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-07-746446
Stauder, R., Augschoell, J., Hamaker, M. E., & Koinig, K. A. (2020). Malnutrition in older patients with hematological malignancies at initial diagnosis—Association with impairments in health status, systemic inflammation and adverse outcome. HemaSphere , 4 (1), e332. doi.org/10.1097/hs9.0000000000000332
Umeakunne, K., & Hibbert, J. M. (2019, April 2). Nutrition in sickle cell disease: Recent insights. Nutrition and Dietary Supplements , 11 , 9–17. https://doi.org/10.2147/nds.s168257
Vreugdenhil, M., Akkermans, M. D., Van Der Merwe, L. F., Van Elburg, R. M., Van Goudoever, J. B., & Brus, F. (2021). Prevalence of zinc deficiency in healthy 1–3-year-old children from three western European countries. Nutrients , 13 (11), 3713. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113713
World Health Organization. (n.d.-a). Anaemia in women and children . https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/th...n_and_children
World Health Organization. (n.d.-b). Antenatal iron supplementation . https://www.who.int/data/nutrition/n...upplementation
Yan, H., Chen, Y., Zhu, H., Huang, W., Cai, X., Li, D., Ya-Juan, L., Si-Zhao, N., Zhou, H., Luo, F., Zhang, W., & Li, X. (2022). The relationship among intestinal bacteria, vitamin K and response of vitamin K antagonist: A review of evidence and potential mechanism. Frontiers in Medicine , 9 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.829304
Albakri, A. (2019). Nutritional deficiency cardiomyopathy: A review and pooled analysis of pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical management. Research and Review Insights 3 . https://doi.org/10.15761/RRI.1000149
Akbar, H., Foth, C., Kahloon, R., & Mountfort, S. (2022). Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. StatPearls [Internet] . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532281/
American College of Cardiology. (2023). Too little sodium can be harmful to heart failure patients . https://www.acc.org/About-ACC/Press-...ilure-Patients
American Diabetes Association. (2023). Fats . https://diabetes.org/healthy-living/...ting-well/fats
American Heart Association. (2023). How much sodium should I eat per day? https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-liv...-i-eat-per-day
American Society of Hematology. (2023). Blood basics . https://www.hematology.org/education...s/blood-basics
Balchem. (2021). Feel the rhythm: Minerals for heart health . https://balchem.com/human-nutrition-...alth-minerals/
Bord, S. (2022). Electrolyte abnormalities . Clerkship Directors in Emergency Medicine. https://www.saem.org/about-saem/acad...-abnormalities
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Heart attack symptoms, risks, and recovery . https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/heart_attack.htm
Cleveland Clinic. (2022a). Albumin blood test . my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...min-blood-test.
Cleveland Clinic. (2022b). Arteries . my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...22896-arteries
Cleveland Clinic. (2022c). Hypokalemia . my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...od-hypokalemia
Cohagan, B., & Brandis, D. (2022). Torsade de Pointes. StatPearls [Internet] . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459388/
Dmitrieva, N. I., Liu, D., Wu, C. O., & Boehm, M. (2022). Middle age serum sodium levels in the upper part of normal range and risk of heart failure. European Heart Journal , 43 (35), 3335–3348. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac138
Gupta, J., & Shea, M. (2022). Biology of the blood vessels. Merck Manuals . https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/he...-blood-vessels
Harvard Medical School. (2021). BMI calculator . https://www.health.harvard.edu/diet-...bmi-calculator
Harvard Health Publishing. (2020). Eat more fiber-rich foods to foster heart health . https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart...r-heart-health
Harvard University. (2023). Preventing heart disease . https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutriti...reventing-cvd/
Hinzey, E., & Chien, S. (2023). What’s the Mediterranean diet? health.usnews.com/best-diet/...terranean-diet
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. (2023). Hardening of the arteries . https://www.mountsinai.org/health-li...f-the-arteries
Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2023a). Lipid panel . https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heal...es/lipid-panel
Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2023b). Anatomy and function of the heart’s electrical system . https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heal...ctrical-system
Kenny, B., & Brown, K. (2022). ECG T wave. StatPearls [Internet] . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538264/
Lee, Y., Lin, C., Fang, W., Lee, C., Ho, C., Wang, C., Tsai, D., & Lin, C. (2022). Artificial intelligence-enabled electrocardiography detects hypoalbuminemia and identifies the mechanism of hepatorenal and cardiovascular events. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine , 9 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.895201
Malik, M., & Goyal, A. (2022). Cardiac exam. StatPearls [Internet] . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553078/
Martyniak, A., & Tomasik, P. J. (2022). A new perspective on the renin-angiotensin system. Diagnostics (Basel) , 13 (1), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13010016
Mayo Clinic. (2023a). Long QT syndrome . www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...s/syc-20352518
Mayo Clinic. (2023b). Supraventricular tachycardia . https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...s/syc-20355243
Mayo Clinic. (2023c). High blood pressure (hypertension). www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...t/drc-20373417
Medline Plus. (2022). Heart failure: Fluids and diuretics . https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patient...ons/000112.htm
Moll, J. (2022). Saturated vs. unsaturated fats . Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/diffe...ed-fats-697517
Morales-Brown, L. (2020). What is the best afib diet? Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/afib-diet
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2021). DASH eating plan . https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/education/dash-eating-plan
National Institute on Aging. (2022). High blood pressure in older adults . www.nia.nih.gov/health/high-...d-older-adults.
National Institutes of Health. (2022). Good hydration may reduce long-term risks for heart failure . https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news...-heart-failure
Pediatric Heart Specialists. (2023). Normal heart anatomy and blood flow . https://pediatricheartspecialists.co...and-blood-flow
Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health. (2023). High-potassium foods . https://www.lancastergeneralhealth.o...mentId=abo9047
Sherrell, Z. (2021). What to know about the cardiovascular system . Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/art...ascular-system
Srakocic, S. (2023). Understanding smoking’s effect on your blood vessels . Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/sm...-blood-vessels
Teymouri, N., Mesbah, S., Navabian, S., Shekouh, D., Najafabadi, M., Norouzkhani, N., Poudineh, M., Qadirifard, M., Mehrtabar, S., & Deravi, N. (2022). ECG frequency changes in potassium disorders: A narrative review. American Journal of Cardiovascular Disease , 12 (3), 112–124. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301030/
University of California San Francisco. (2023). Guidelines for a low sodium diet . www.ucsfhealth.org/education...ow-sodium-diet
University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy. (2023). Physiology review. apps.media.unc.edu/crashcart...ogyReview.html
University of Washington. (2023). Go green with high fiber foods . https://thewholeu.uw.edu/2023/03/13/fiber/
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2020). What is MyPlate? https://www.myplate.gov/eat-healthy/what-is-myplate
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2023). Calcium: Shopping list . https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/he...-shopping-list
University of Rochester Medical Center. (2023). Magnesium rich foods . https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/child...ium-foods.aspx
Visible Body. (2023). Functions of the blood: 8 facts about blood . https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/ci...s-of-the-blood
Advent Health. (2021, February). A healthy start for your baby’s heart. https://www.adventhealth.com/hospita...ur-babys-heart
American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. (2019, March). Eating disorder in teens. www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families...rders-002.aspx
American Heart Association. (2017). What is cardiovascular disease? https://www.heart.org/en/health-topi...scular-disease
American Heart Association. (2018). Dietary recommendations for healthy children . https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-liv...althy-children
American Heart Association. (2020). Prevention and treatment of high cholesterol. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topi...hyperlipidemia
American Heart Association. (2021). The American Heart Association diet and lifestyle recommendations . www.heart.org/en/healthy-liv...asics/American Heart Association-diet-and-lifestyle-recommendations
American Heart Association. (2023) Feeding tips for your baby with CHD. https://www.heart.org/en/health-topi...-baby-with-chd
American Pregnancy Association. (2023). Gestational hypertension: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). https://americanpregnancy.org/health...-hypertension/
Amirani, E., Milajerdi, A., Reiner, Ž., Mirzaei, H., Mansournia, M. A., & Asemi, Z. (2020). Effects of whey protein on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Lipids in Health and Disease , 19 (1), 209. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-020-01384-7
Anderson, M., Vogels, E., Perrin, A, & Rainie, L. (2022). Connection, creativity and drama: Teen life on social media in 2022 . Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet...media-in-2022/
Anderson-Villaluz, D., & Quam, J. (2022). Nutrition during pregnancy to support a healthy mom and baby. Health.gov. https://health.gov/news/202202/nutri...y-mom-and-baby
Back, I., de Barros, N., & Caramelli, B. (2022). Lifestyle, inadequate environments in childhood and their effects on adult cardiovascular health. Joirnal de Pediatria, 98 (S1), S19–S26. doi.org/10.1016/j.ped.2021.09.005
Bensley, J., Moore, L., De Matteo, R., Harding, R., & Black, M. (2018). Impact of preterm birth on the developing myocardium of the neonate. Pediatric Research, 83 (4), 880–888. https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2017.324
Biddinger, K., Emdin, C., Haas, M., Wang, M., Hindy, G., Ellinor, P., Kathiresan, S., Khera, A., & Aragam, K. (2022). Association of habitual alcohol intake with risk of cardiovascular disease. JAMA Network Open, 5 (3), e223849. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3849
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). High blood pressure symptoms and causes. https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/about.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022) Weight Gain During Pregnancy . https://www.cdc.gov/reproductiveheal...eight-gain.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023a). Facts about hypertension . https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023b). Food and drinks to avoid or limit .
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023c). Heart disease facts . https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023d). Know your risk for heart disease . https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/risk_factors.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023e). Recommendations and benefits: Breastfeeding .
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023f). About heart disease. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/about.htm
Cleveland Clinic. (2020a). How to pick heart-healthy Mexican food. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/s...y-mexican-food
Cleveland Clinic. (2020b). Craving Chinese food? How to pick Asian food that’s heart healthy . https://health.clevelandclinic.org/h...ng-strategies/
Cleveland Clinic. (2022a). How to follow a heart-healthy diet. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/h...-healthy-diet/
Cleveland Clinic (2022b). Lipids . my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...y/24425-lipids
Cleveland Clinic. (2022c). How to teach kids healthy eating habits . https://health.clevelandclinic.org/h...ting-for-kids/
Cleveland Clinic. (2023). How race and ethnicity impact heart disease. my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...-heart-disease
Cunningham, M., & LaMarca, B. (2018). Risk of cardiovascular disease, end-stage renal disease, and stroke in postpartum women and their fetuses after a hypertensive pregnancy. Am. J. Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , 315 (3). R521-R528. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00218.2017
Dahm, C., Chomistek, A., Jakobsen, M., Mukamal, K., Eliassen, A., Sesso, H., Overvad, K., Willett, W., Rimm, E., & Chiuve, S. (2016). Adolescent diet quality and cardiovascular disease risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease in middle-aged women. J Am Heart Assoc ., 20 ;5(12):e003583. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.003583
FDA. (2022a). Using the nutrition facts label: For older adults . https://www.fda.gov/food/new-nutriti...l-older-adults
FDA. (2022b). Sodium in your diet. https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-e...dium-your-diet
FDA. (2023). Infant formula . https://www.fda.gov/food/resources-y...infant-formula
Garg, V. (2020, February 25). Maternal diabetes and fetal heart development: What mothers need to know . Nationwide Children’s. https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/...rt-development
Gersh, B. (2022). Maternal adaptations to pregnancy: Cardiovascular and hemodynamic changes. UpToDate. Retrieved October 1, 2023, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ma...ynamic-changes
Greenblatt, J. (2023). The essential role of amino acids in combating anorexia. Psychiatry Redefined. https://www.psychiatryredefined.org/...ting-anorexia/
Howland, J. (2018). Mayo Clinic minute: Heart-healthier choices at fast food restaurants . https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/d...d-restaurants/
Ifitkhar, S. & Biswas, M. (2023). Cardiac disease in pregnancy . StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537261/
Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2023) Alcohol and heart health: Separating fact from fiction. Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heal...t-from-fiction
Kepley, J., Bates, K., & Mohiuddin, S. (2023). Physiology, Maternal Changes. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539766/
Knott, L. (2020). Potassium-sparing diuretics. Retrieved from https://patient.info/digestive-healt...ring-diuretics
Lee, S., Oh, J., Park, J., Choi, S., & Wee, J. (2018). Differences in youngest-old, middle-old, and oldest-old patients who visit the emergency department. Clin Exp Emerg Med , 5 (4):249–255. doi: 10.15441/ceem.17.261.
Lennie, T., Andreae, C., Rayens, M., Song, E., Dunbar, S., Pressler, S., Heo, S., Kim, J., & Moser, D. (2018). Micronutrient deficiency independently predicts time to events in patients with heart failure. Journal of the American Heart Association, 7, www.ahajournals.org/doi/full...AHA.117.007251
Lu, Y., Chen, R., Cai, J., Huang, Z, & Yuan, H. (2018). The management of hypertension in women planning for pregnancy. Oxford Journals British Medical Bulletin. 128 (1): 75–84. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldy035
Martin, R. (2023). Health benefits of French food. Blog post Cuisine of the Month: French. Retrieved from: ubiquinol.org/blog/cuisine-month-french
Mayo Clinic. (2021). DASH diet: Healthy eating to lower your blood pressure . Retrieved from: www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-l...t/art-20048456
Mayo Clinic. (2022a). Teens and social media use: What’s the impact? Retrieved from: www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-l...e/art-20474437
Mayo Clinic. (2022b). Warfarin diet: What foods should I avoid? Retrieved from www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...n/faq-20058443
Mayo Clinic. (2022c). Transient ischemic attack (TIA). www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...s/syc-20355679
Mayo Clinic. (2023a). Diuretics: A cause of low potassium? Retrieved from www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...e/faq-20058432
Mayo Clinic. (2023b). Top 5 lifestyle changes to improve your cholesterol . Retrieved from www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...l/art-20045935
Mayo Clinic. (2023c). Premature birth. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...s/syc-20376730
Mayo Clinic. (2023d). High cholesterol . https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...s/syc-20350800
Mayo Clinic. (2023e). Cholesterol: Top foods to improve your numbers . Retrieved from www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...l/art-20045192
Medical News Today. (2021). Can fish oils and omega-3 oils benefit our health? Retrieved from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/40253
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2022). What is atherosclerosis? Retrieved from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/atherosclerosis
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2023). High blood triglycerides. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/hig...-triglycerides
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2022). The basics: Defining how much alcohol is too much. https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/health-pro...cohol-too-much
National Library of Medicine. (2022). Cholesterol levels. https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/cholesterol-levels/
National Lipid Association. (2020). Heart-healthy eating southern style. https://www.lipid.org/sites/default/...hern_style.pdf
Nemours Children’s Hospital. (2023, April). Household safety: Preventing choking . Retrieved from https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/safety-choking.html
Patiala Heart Institute. (2023). Importance of diet for a healthy heart . Retrieved from https://patialaheart.com/blog/diet-c...eart-patients/
Raeside, R., Partridge, S., Singleton, A., & Redfern, J. (2019). Cardiovascular disease prevention in adolescents: eHealth, Co-Creation, and Advocacy. Med Sci (Basel) , 7 (2):34. doi: 10.3390/medsci7020034.
Rodgers, J., Jones, J., Bolleddu, S., Vanthenapalli, S., Rodgers, L., Shah, K., Karia, K., & Panguluri, S. (2019). Cardiovascular risks associated with gender and aging. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease , 6 (2), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd6020019
Royal Bromptom and Harefield Hospital. (2021). Nutrition for babies born with CHD . https://www.rbht.nhs.uk/our-services...abies-born-chd
Russell, M. (2022). JAHA Spotlight on pregnancy and its impact on maternal and offspring cardiovascular health. Journal of American Heart Association, 11 (2). doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.121.025167
Sarder, M., Greway, A., DeAngelis, M., Tysko, E., Lehmann, S., Wohlstetter, M., & Patel, R. (2015). Cardiovascular impact of eating disorders in adults: A single center experience and literature review. Heart Views, 16 (3). Doi:10.4103/1995-705X.164463
Sterns, R. (2022). Diuretic-induced hyponatremia . UpToDate . Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/di...remia#H9602708
UNICEF. (2023). Maternal nutrition . https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/maternal
United States Department of Agriculture. (2020), Dietary guidelines for Americans. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/si..._2020-2025.pdf
United States Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). MyPlate. https://www.myplate.gov/myplate-plan
Watson, S. (2022). Infant nutrition: The first 6 months. Grow by WebMD. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/nutrition
WebMD. (2022). Best and worst Italian dishes for your health. Retrieved from https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/s...italian-dishes
Yang, J., Kang, Y., Cheng, Y., Zeng, L., Yan, H., & Dong, S. (2019). Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and congenital heart defects: A case-control study . International Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 16 (16). Doi:10.3390/ijerph16162957
Ahmadi, A., Eftekhari, M. H., Mazloom, Z., Masoompour, M., Fararooei, M., Eskandari, M. H., Mehrabi, S., Bedeltavana, A., Famouri, M., Zare, M., Nasimi, N., & Sohrabi, Z. (2020). Fortified whey beverage for improving muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A single-blind, randomized clinical trial. Respiratory Research , 21 , 1–11.
American Lung Association. (2023). Nutrition and COPD. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-dis...copd/nutrition
Andrianasolo, R. M., Kesse-Guyot, E., Adjibade, M., Hercberg, S., Galan, P., & Varraso, R. (2018). Associations between dietary scores with asthma symptoms and asthma control in adults. European Respiratory Journal , 52 (1). https: DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02572-2017
Arsenault, J. E., Moursi, M., Olney, D. K., Becquey, E., & Ganaba, R. (2020). Validation of 24‐h dietary recall for estimating nutrient intakes and adequacy in adolescents in Burkina Faso. Maternal & Child Nutrition , 16 (4), e13014.
Arvers, P. (2018). Alcohol consumption and lung damage: Dangerous relationships. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires , 35 (10), 1039–1049.
Arigliani, M., Spinelli, A. M., Liguoro, I., & Cogo, P. (2018). Nutrition and lung growth. Nutrients , 10 (7), 919. doi: 10.3390/nu10070919
Burris, M., Kihlstrom, L., Arce, K. S., Prendergast, K., Dobbins, J., McGrath, E., Renda, A., Shannon, E., Cordier, T., Song, Y., & Himmelgreen, D. (2021). Food insecurity, loneliness, and social support among older adults. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition , 16 (1), 29–44.
Calcaterra, V., Verduci, E., Ghezzi, M., Cena, H., Pascuzzi, M. C., Regalbuto, C., Lamberti, R., Rossi, V., Manuelli, M., Bosetti, A., & Zuccotti, G. V. (2021). Pediatric obesity-related asthma: The role of nutrition and nutrients in prevention and treatment. Nutrients , 13 (11), 3708.
Canadian Lung Association. (n.d.). Breathing. https://www.lung.ca/lung-health/lung-info/breathing
Castro, D., Patil, S., & Keenaghan, M. (2022). Arterial blood gas. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536919/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022a, February 22). Tips from former smokers: Overviews of diseases/conditions. 2022, Feb. 22. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign...ses/index.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022b, April 19). Alcohol basics: Frequently asked questions. https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022c, May 20). Cow’s milk and milk alternatives. https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/infant...ernatives.html
COPD Foundation. (2021). Nutrition for someone with COPD. https://www.copdfoundation.org/Learn...with-COPD.aspx
Deer, R. & Volpi, E. (2018). Protein requirements in critically ill older adults. Nutrients , 10 (3), 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030378
Dezube, R. (2023, January). Evaluation of the pulmonary patient. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...monary-patient Dixon, A. E., & Peters, U. (2018). The effect of obesity on lung function. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine , 12 (9), 755–767. https://www.nclex.com/clinical-judgm...ent-model.page
Esquivel, M. (2018). Nutritional assessment and intervention to prevent and treat malnutrition for fall risk reduction in elderly populations. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine , 12 (2), 107–112. doi.org/10.1177/1559827617742847
Gea, J., Sancho-Muñoz, A., & Chalela, R. (2018). Nutritional status and muscle dysfunction in chronic respiratory diseases: stable phase versus acute exacerbations. Journal of thoracic disease , 10 (Suppl 12), S1332–S1354. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.02.66
Gomes, F., Schuetz, P., Bounoure, L., Austin, P., Ballesteros-Pomar, M., Cederholm, T., Fletcher, J., Laviano, A., Norman, K., Poilia, K. A., Ravasco, P., Schneider, S. M., Stanga, Z., Weekes, C. E., & Bischoff, S. C. (2018). ESPEN guidelines on nutritional support for polymorbid internal medicine clients. Clinical nutrition , 37 (1), 336–353.
Grajek, M., Krupa-Kotara, K., Białek-Dratwa, A., Sobczyk, K., Grot, M., Kowalski, O., & Staśkiewicz, W. (2022). Nutrition and mental health: A review of current knowledge about the impact of diet on mental health. Frontiers in Nutrition , 9 , 943998.
Keller, U. (2019). Nutritional laboratory markers in malnutrition. Journal of Clinical Medicine , 8 (6), 775.
Kokoszynska, M., Ubags, N. D., Bivona III, J. J., Ventrone, S., Reed, L. F., Dixon, A. E., Wargo, M. J., Poynter, M. E., & Suratt, B. T. (2021). Storage conditions of high‐fat diets affect pulmonary inflammation. Physiological Reports , 9 (22), e15116.
Larson, H. (2021). Easy ways to boost fiber in your daily diet . https://www.eatright.org/health/esse...our-daily-diet
Lee, Y. G., Lee, P. H., Choi, S. M., An, M. H., & Jang, A. S. (2021). Effects of air pollutants on airway diseases. International journal of environmental research and public health , 18 (18), 9905.
McDonald, M., Wouters, E., Rutten, E. Casaburi, R., Rennard, S., Lomas, D., Bamman, M., Celli, B., Agusti, A., Tal-Singer, R., Hersh, C., Dransfield, M., & Silverman, E. (2019). It’s more than low BMI: Prevalence of cachexia and associated mortality in COPD. Respiratory Research: 20 (100). https://respiratory-research.biomedc...-1073-3#citeas
Norris, T. (2019). Porth’s essentials of pathophysiology . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Nutrition for lung health and COPD. (2023). Health. Wellness, Prevention. https://health.umms.org/2023/09/06/n...alth-and-copd/
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2020, August). Healthy people 2030: Social Determinants of Health. https://health.gov/healthypeople/pri...minants-health
Paddilla, O., & Abadie, J. (2022). Blood tests: Normal values. Merck Manual Professional Version. https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...-normal-values
Pagana, K., & Pagana, T. (2018). Mosby’s manual of diagnostic and laboratory tests (6th ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier.
Plein, L. M., & Rittner, H. L. (2018). Opioids and the immune system–friend or foe. British Journal of Pharmacology , 175 (14), 2717–2725.
Rôlo Silvestre, C., Dias Domingues, T., Mateus, L., Cavaco, M., Nunes, A., Cordeiro, R., Silva Santos, T., Falcão, T., & Domingos, A. (2022). The nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbators. Canadian respiratory journal , 2022 , 3101486. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3101486
Schneider, J., Rowe, J., Garcia-de-Alba, C., Kim, C., Sharpe, A., & Haigis, M. (2021). The aging lung: Physiology, disease, and immunity. Cell , 184 (8): 1990-2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.005
Sherenian, M. G., Singh, A. M., Arguelles, L. M., Balmert, L. C., Caruso, D., Wang, X., Pongracic, J. A., & Kumar, R. (2018). Food allergy is an independent risk factor for decreased lung function in children with asthma. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology , 121 (5), 588–593,e1.
Shirasawa, T., Ochiai, H., Yoshimoto, T., Nagahama, S., Kobayashi, M., Ohtsu, I., & Kokaze, A. (2019). Associations between normal weight central obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition , 38 , 1–7.
Sun, X., Shen, Y., & Shen, J. (2021). Respiration-related guidance and nursing can improve the respiratory function and living ability of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Translational Research , 13 (5), 4686–4695.
Timmers, T., Janssen, L., Kool, R. B., & Kremer, J. A. (2020). Educating clients by providing timely information using smartphone and tablet apps: systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research , 22 (4), e17342.
Tinsley, G., & Lewsley, J. (2023) Diet recommendations for people with asthma . Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/asthma-diet
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Learn how to eat healthy with MyPlate . MyPlate. https://www.myplate.gov
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022. July 24). Dietary guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 9th edition . DGA: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022, July 1) Leading health indicators. Healthy people 2030. https://health.gov/healthypeople/obj...lth-indicators
van den Berg, G. H., Huisman-de Waal, G. G., Vermeulen, H., & de van der Schueren, M. A. (2021). Effects of nursing nutrition interventions on outcomes in malnourished hospital in clients and nursing home residents: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies , 117 , 103888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103888
Vézina, F., & Cantin, A. (2018). Antioxidants and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases , 5 (4), 277–288. https://doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.5.4.2018.0133
Vlieg‐Boerstra, B., de Jong, N., Meyer, R., Agostoni, C., De Cosmi, V., Grimshaw, K., Milani, G. P., Muraro, A., Elberink, H. O., Pali-Scholl, I., Roduit, C., Sasaki, M., Skypala, I., Sokolowska, M., van Splunter, M., Untersmayr, E., Venter, C., O’Mahony, L., & Nwaru, B. I. (2022). Nutrient supplementation for prevention of viral respiratory tract infections in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Allergy , 77 (5), 1373–1388.
Wood, K. (2022). Overview of tests of pulmonary function. StatPearls. https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...onary-function
World Health Organization. (2023, October 11). Obesity and overweight . https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-s...and-overweight
Agarwal, A. K., & Huda, N. (2022). Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557765/
Allen, M. J., & Sharma, S. (2023). Magnesium. StatPearls. www.ncbi nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK 19036/
Alwarith, J., Kahleova, H., Crosby, L., Brooks, A., Brandon, L., Levin, S. M., & Barnard, N. D. (2020). The role of nutrition in asthma prevention and treatment. Nutrition Review, 78 (11), 928–938. https://doi.org/ 0.1093/n trit/nuaa005
Arigliani, M., Spinelli, A. M., Liguoro, I., & Cogo, P. (2018). Nutrition and lung growth. Nutrients, 10( 7) 919. https://doi.org/ 0.3390/nu10070919
Ashorobi, D., Ameer, M. A., & Fernandez, R. (2022). Thrombosis . StatPearls. www.ncbi nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK 38430/
Baiz, N., Just, J., Chastang, J., Forhan, A., de Lauzon-Guillain, B., Magnier, A. M., & Annesi-Maesano, I. (2019). Maternal diet before and during pregnancy and risk of asthma and allergic rhinitis in children. Allergy, Asthma Clinical Immunology, 15 , 40. doi.or / 0.1186/s13223-019-0353-2
Bendix, I., Miller, S. L., & Winterhager, E. (2020). Editorial: Causes and consequences of intrauterine growth restriction. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, 205. https://doi.org/ 0.3389/ endo.2020.00205
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022). Most recent national asthma data. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Retrieved April 30, 2023, https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_rece...sthma_data.htm
Collins, P. F., Yang, I. A., Chang, Y. C., & Vaughan, A. (2019). Nutritional support in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): An evidence update. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 11 (17), S2230-S2237. doi org/ 0.21037/jtd.2019.10.41
Comerford, K. B., Miller, G. D., Boileau, A. C., Masiello Schuette, S. N., Giddens, J. C., & Brown, K. A. (2021). Global review of dairy recommendations in food-based dietary guidelines. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8 . https://doi.org/ 0.3389/fnut.2021.671999
DailyMed. (2022, December 9). Levofloxacin tablet . https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme...5-8357ddb36373
Dokuhaki, S., Dokuhaki, F., & Akbarzadeh, M. (2021). The relationship of maternal anxiety, positive and negative affect schedule, and fatigue with neonatal psychological health upon childbirth. Contraception and Reproductive Medicine, 6 , 12. doi.o g/ 0.1186/s40834-021-00155-8
Fandino, J., Toba, L., Gonzalez-Matias, L. C., Diz-Chaves, Y., & Mallo, F. (2019). Perinatal undernutrition, metabolic hormones, and lung development. Nutrients, 11 (12), 2870. https://doi.org/ 0.3390/nu11122870
Faverio, P., Bocchino, M., Cominati, A., Fumagalli, A., Gasbarra, M., Iovino, P., Petruzzi, A., Scalfi, L., Sebastiani, A., Stanziola, A. A., & Sanduzzi, A. (2020). Nutrition in clients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Critical issues analysis and future research directions. Nutrients, 12 (4) 1131. https://doi.org/ 0.3390/nu12041131
Food and Drug Administration (2021). Grapefruit juice and some drugs don’t mix. FDA.gov. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consum...drugs-dont-mix
Gozzi-Silva, S. C., Mouradian, F., Teixeira, E., da Silva Duarte, A. J., Sato, M. N., & de Menonca Oliveira, L. (2021). Immunomodulatory role of nutrients: How can pulmonary dysfunctions improve? Frontiers in Nutrition, 8 , 674258. https://doi.org/ 0.3389/fn t.2021.674258
Green, R. J., van Niekerk, A., McDonald, M., Friendman, R., Feldman, C., Richards, G., & Mustafa, F. (2020). Acute allergic rhinitis. South African Family Practice, 62 (1), 5154. https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v62i1.5154
Han, Y. Y., Forno, E., & Celedon, J. C. (2020). Health risk behaviors, violence exposure, and current asthma among adolescents in the United States . Pediatric Pulmonology, 54 (3), 237-244. doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24236
Hancu, A. (2019). Nutritional status as a risk factor in COPD. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14 (2), 140-143. https://doi.org 0.26574/maedica.2019.14.2.140
Hashmi, M. F., Tariq, M., & Cataletto, M. E. (2023). Asthma. StatPearls. www.ncbi nlm.nih.gov/b oks/NBK430901/
Herring, C. M., Bazer, F. W., Johnson, G. A., & Wu, G. (2018). Maternal dietary protein intake impacts fetal survival, growth, and development. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 243 (6), 525-533. https://doi.org/ 0.1177/1535370218758275
Hosseini, B., Berthon, B. S., Wark, P., & Wood, L. G. (2017). Effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on risk of asthma, wheezing, and immune responses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients , 9 (4), 341. https://doi.org/ 0.3390/nu9040341
Hudson, J., Baum, J., Diaz, E., & Børsheim, E. (2021). Dietary protein requirements in children: Methods for consideration. Nutrients , 13 (5), 1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051554
Kalaiselvan, M. S., Arunkumar, A. S., Renuka, M. K., & Sivakumar, R. L. (2021). Nutritional adequacy in mechanically ventilated client: Are we doing enough? Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 25 (2), 166-171. doi.org/10.5005/jp-jounrals-10071-23717
Krishna, R., Chapman, K., & Ullah, S. (2022). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. StatPearls. https:/ www.ncbi nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK 48162/
LaRocque, R. C , & Ryan, E. T. (2019). Post-travel evaluation: Respiratory infections . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowb...ory-infections
Lucas, S., Leach, M. J., Kumar, S., & Phillips, A. C. (2019). Complementary and alternative medicine practitioner’s management of acute respiratory tract infection in children – A qualitative descriptive study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 12 , 947-962. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S230845
Mekal, D., Czerw, A., Deptala, A. (2021). Dietary behavior and nutrition in clients with COPD treated with long-term oxygen therapy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (23), 12793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312793
Mercader-Barcelo, J., Truyols-Vives, J., Rio, C., Lopez-Safont, N., Sala-Llinas, E., & Chaplin, A. (2020). Insights into the role of bioactive food ingredients and the microbiome in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21 , 6051. https: /doi.org/ 0.3390/ijms21176051
Murphy, M. M., Higgins, K. A., Bi, X., Barraj, L. M. (2021). Adequacy and sources of protein intake among pregnant women in the United States, NHANES 2003-2012. Nutrients, 13 (3), 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030795
National Institute of Health. (2021). Vitamin E . Office of Dietary Supplements, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Retrieved May 13, 2023, https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Institute of Health (2022a). Asthma: What is Asthma? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Retrieved April 30, 2023, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/asthma
National Institute of Health. (2022b). Lung diseases . National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Retrieved April 23, 2023, https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/top...ease/index.cfm
National Institute of Health. (2022c). Pneumonia: Cause and risk factors. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, U. S. Department of Health, and Human Services, Retrieved May 5, 2023, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/pneumonia/causes
National Institute of Health. (2022d). What is respiratory failure? National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Retrieved May 3, 2023, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/respiratory-failure
Pahal, P., Avula, A., & Sharma, S. (2023). Emphysema . StatPearls. www.ncbi nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK 82217/
Ramirez, J., Guarner, F., Fernandez, L. B., Maruy, A., Sdepanian, V. L., & Cohen, H. (2020). Antibiotics as major disruptors of gut microbiota. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology , 10 , 572912. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2020.572912
Rehman, S., & Bacha, D. (2022). Embryology, Pulmonary . StatPearls. www.ncbi nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK 44372/
Rocha, G., Guimarães, H., & Pereira-da-Silva, L. (2021). The role of nutrition in the prevention and management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A literature review and clinical approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (21), 6245. https://doi.org/ 0.3390/ijerph18126245
Rogers, L. K., & Cismowski, M. J. (2018). Oxidative stress in the lung – The essential paradox. Current Opinion Toxicology, 7 , 37-43. https://doi.org/ 0.1016 j.cotox.2017.09.001
Saleri, N., & Ryan, E. T. (2019). Respiratory infections. Travel Medicine , 2019, 527-537. https://doi.org/ 0.1016/B978-0-323-54696-6.00059-8
Sanghavi, M., & Rutherford, J. D. (2014). Cardiovascular Physiology of Pregnancy. In Circulation, 130 (12), 1003–1008). doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.114.009029
Sanivarapu, R. R., & Gibson, J. (2022). Aspiration pneumonia. StatPearls. www.ncbi nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK 70459/
Santo, C. E., Caseiro, C., Martins, M. J., Monteiro, R., & Brandao, I. (2021). Gut microbiota, is the halfway between nutrition and lung function. Nutrients, 13 (5), 1716. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051716
Sattar, S. B., & Sharma, S. (2022). Bacterial pneumonia. StatPearls. www.ncbi nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK 13321/
Schultz, E. S., Hallberg, J., Andersson, N., Thacher, J. D., Pershagen, G., Bellander, T., Bergström, A., Kull, I., Guerra, S., Thunqvist, P., Gustafsson, P. M., Bottai, M., & Melén, E. (2018). Early life determinants of lung function change from childhood to adolescence. Respiratory Medicine, 139, 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2018.04.009
Scoditti, E., Massaro, M., Garbarino, S., & Toraldo, D. M. (2019). Role of diet in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevention and treatment. Nutrients, 11 (6), 1357. https://doi.org/ 0.3390/nu11061357
Sharifi-Rad, M., Kumar, N. V. A., Zucca, P., Varoni, E. M., Dini, L., Panarinin, E., Rajkovic, J., Tsouh Fokou, P., V., Azzini, E., Peluso, I., Mishra, A. P., Nigam, M., Rayess, Y. Beyrouthy, M. E., Polito, L., Iriti, M., Martins, N., Martorell, M., Docea, A. O., Setzer, W. N., Calina, D., Cho, W. C., & Sharifi-Rad, J. (2020). Lifestyle, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: Back and forth in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. Frontiers of Physiology, 11. https://doi.org/ 0.3389/fphys.20 0.00694
Soma-Pillay, P., Nelson-Piercy, C., Tolppanen, H., & Mebazaa, A. (2016). Physiological changes in pregnancy. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 27 (2), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.5830/CVJA-2016-021
Thomas, M., & Bomar, P. A. (2022). Upper respiratory tract infection. StatPearls. www.ncbi nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK 32961/
Vahid, F., & Rahmani, D. (2021). Can an anti-inflammatory diet be effective in preventing or treating viral respiratory diseases? A systematic narrative review. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 43 , 9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.04.009
Voraphani, N., Stern, D. A., Zhai, J., Wright, A. L., Halonen, M., Sherrill, D. L., Hallberg, J., Kull, I., Bergstrom, A., Murray C. S., Lowe, L., Custovic, A., Morgan, W. J., Martinez, F. D., Melen, E., Simpson, A., & Guerro, S. (2022). The role of growth and nutrition in the early origins of spirometric restriction in adult life: A longitudinal, multicohort, population-based study. Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 10( 1), 59-71. https://doi.org/ 0.1016/S2213-2600(21)00355-6
Vyas, V., & Goyal, A. (2022). Acute pulmonary embolism . StatPearls. www.ncbi nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK 60551/
Wee, J. H., Yoo, D. M., Byun, S. H., Song, C. M., Lee, H. J., Park, B., Park, M. W., & Choi, H. G. (2020). Analysis of the relationship between asthma and coffee/green tea/soda intake. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17( 20), 7471. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207471
Widysanto, A., & Mathew, G. (2022). Chronic Bronchitis . StatPearls. www.ncbi nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482437/
Yasir, M., Goyal, A., Sonthalia, S. (2022). Corticosteroid adverse effects. StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531462/
Yuan, S., Bruzelius, M., Damrauer, S. M., Hakansson, N., Wolk, A., Akesson, A., & Larsson, S. C. (2021). Anti-inflammatory diet and venous thromboembolism: Two prospective cohort studies. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 31 (10), 2831-2838. https://doi.org/ 0.1016/j.numecd.2021.06.021
Zheng, L., Kelly, C. J., & Colgan, S. P. (2015). Physiologic hypoxia and oxygen homeostasis in the healthy intestine. A review in the theme: Cellular responses to hypoxia. American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology , 309(6), C350-360. doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00191.2015
Ballstaedt, L., & Woodbury, B. (2022). Bladder post void residual volume. In StatPearls [Internet] . StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539839/
de Bellefonds, C. (2023, March 21). 8 diet tips to help prevent or manage chronic kidney disease . Everyday Health. https://www.everydayhealth.com/kidne...idney-disease/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Kidney testing: Everything you need to know . https://www.cdc.gov/kidneydisease/pu...ney-tests.html
Cleveland Clinic. (2023a). Hyperkalemia (high potassium) . my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...lood-potassium
Cleveland Clinic. (2023b). Kidney . my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...y/21824-kidney
Cleveland Clinic. (2023c). Renal cortex . my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...7-renal-cortex
Dalal, R., Bruss, Z., & Sehdev, J. (2022). Physiology, renal blood flow and filtration. In StatPearls [Internet] . StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482248/
DaVita. (2023). Healthy food swaps for a kidney diet . https://www.davita.com/diet-nutritio...-a-kidney-diet
Gang-Jee, K., Rhee, C.M., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., & Joshi, S. (2020, August). The Effects of High-Protein Diets on Kidney Health and Longevity. JASN, 31 (8), p. 1667–1679. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2020010028. https://journals.lww.com/jasn/Abstra..._Health.7.aspx
Kariuki, F. (2022). The complete guide to patient engagement . Health Recovery Solutions. https://www.healthrecoverysolutions....ent-engagement
Maddukuri, G. (2022a). Evaluation of the renal patient. Merck Manuals . https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...-renal-patient
Maddukuri, G. (2022b). Evaluation of the urologic patient. Merck Manuals . https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...ologic-patient
Mitchell, A., Strafford, M., & Tavares, S. (2022). The renal system and associated disorders. British Journal of Nursing , 31 (19). https://www.britishjournalofnursing....ated-disorders
Merck Manuals. (2023). Regulating blood pressure: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system . https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mu...sterone-system
National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). Components of the urinary system . National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, SEER Training Modules. https://training.seer.cancer.gov/ana...ry/components/
National Kidney Foundation. (n.d.). Tests to measure kidney function, damage and detect abnormalities . https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidneytests
National Kidney Foundation. (2022). Nutrition and chronic kidney disease: G etting the most out of the foods you eat. https://www.kidney.org/sites/default...e_stage1-4.pdf
National Kidney Foundation. (2023a). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) . https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/gfr
National Kidney Foundation. (2023b). Kidney biopsy . https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/kidney-biopsy
Newman, T. (2023). Where are the kidneys located, what do they do, and what do they look like? Healthline Media. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/305488
Reinoso, D., Haut, D., Claffey, S., Hahn Keiner, K., Chavez, A., Nace, N., & Carter, A. (2022). Addressing food insecurity: Lessons learned from co-locating a food pantry with a federally qualified health center. International Journal of Integrated Care , 22 (3), 24. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.6430
Roscoe, L. (2022). Correctional Nurse Clinical Update: Abdominal Assessment: Palpation . CorrectionalNurse.net. https://correctionalnurse.net/abdomi...ent-palpation/
Sperati, C.J. (2022, March 1). Coronavirus: Kidney Damage Caused by COVID-19 . Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heal...sed-by-covid19
Urology Care Foundation. (2023). Urinary tract infections in adults . https://www.urologyhealth.org/urolog...ions-in-adults
World Health Organization. (2020). Social determinants of health . https://www.who.int/health-topics/so...ants-of-health
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2015, November 21). Prevent urinary tract infections in children . https://www.healthychildren.org/Engl...-Children.aspx
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2021, January 20). Kidney stones in children and teens . https://www.healthychildren.org/Engl...and-Teens.aspx
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2020). How much water should I drink during pregnancy? https://www.acog.org/womens-health/e...ring-pregnancy
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2023a). Nutrition during pregnancy . https://www.acog.org/womens-health/f...ring-pregnancy
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2023b). Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Individuals. ACOG Clinical Consensus , 142 (2). https://www.acog.org/-/media/project...ndividuals.pdf
American Heart Association. (n.d.). How much sugar is too much? https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-liv...ar-is-too-much
American Kidney Fund. (2022). Types of kidney diseases . https://www.kidneyfund.org/all-about...idney-diseases
Attini, R., Leone, F., Chatrenet, A., Longhitano, E., Casula, V., Tomasi Cont, A., Zaccaria, G., Dalmasso, E., Manzione, A., Masturzo, B., Torreggiani, M., Revelli, A., Cabiddu, G., & Piccoli, G. (2022). Plant-based diets improve maternal–fetal outcomes in CKD pregnancies. Nutrients , 14 (19), 4203. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194203
Bennett, W. M., Rahbari-Oskoui, F. F., & Chapman, A. B. (2022, June 7). Patient education: Polycystic kidney disease (beyond the basics). UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/po...ond-the-basics
Cafasso, J. (2023, February 14). Anticholinergics . Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/anticholinergics
Columbia University Irving Medical Center. (n.d.). Intrauterine growth restriction (fetal growth abnormality). https://www.columbiadoctors.org/trea...th-abnormality
Dai, J., & Pearle, M. (2022). Diet and stone disease in 2022. Journal of Clinical Medicine , 11 (16), 4740. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164740
Deshpande, P. (n.d.). Diet for good kidney health in children . PatientsEngage. https://www.patientsengage.com/healt...ealth-children
Duda, K. (2022, August 1). What is chromium? Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/chrom...nefits-4588421
Economic Research Service. (2022, October 20). Documentation . Food Access Research Atlas. https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-produc...documentation/
Ferraro, P., Bargagli, M., Trinchieri, A., & Gambaro, G. (2020). Risk of kidney stones: Influence of dietary factors, dietary patterns, and vegetarian–vegan diets. Nutrients , 12 (3), 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030779
Fresenius Kidney Care. (n.d.). Managing fluid intake on dialysis. https://www.freseniuskidneycare.com/...nt-on-dialysis
Furst, J. (2021, April 15). Mayo study finds that pregnancy increases risk for women to develop first-time symptomatic kidney stones . Mayo Clinic News Network. https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/d...kidney-stones/
Gavin, M. (2021, January). Iron . Nemours KidsHealth. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/iron.html
Gleason, J.L., Sundaram, R., & Mitro, S.D., et al. (2022, October 31). “Association of Maternal Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy With Child Growth.” JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(10):e2239609. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.39609. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jam...rticle/2797983
Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Urinary incontinence in children . Health. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heal...ce-in-children
Karki, N., & Leslie, S. (2023, May 30). Struvite and triple phosphate renal calculi. In StatPearls [Internet] . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568783/
Keilman, C., & Shanks, A. (2022, September 12). Oligohydramnios. In StatPearls [Internet] . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562326/
Kubala, J. (2021, October 4). Does cranberry juice help treat UTIs? Myth versus science . Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition...erry-juice-uti
Lee, Y., Lumbers, E., Schumacher, T., Collins, C., Rae, K., Pringle, K., & Gomeroi Gaaynggal Advisory Committee. (2021). Maternal diet influences fetal growth but not fetal kidney volume in an Australian Indigenous pregnancy cohort. Nutrients , 13 (2), 569. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu13020569
Leslie, S., Sajjad, H., & Nazzal, L. (2023, May 30). Cystinuria. In StatPearls [Internet] . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470527/
Levtchencko, E., Servais, A., Hulton, S., Ariceta, G., Emma, F., Game, D., Lange, K., Lapatto, R., Liang, H., Sberro-Soussan, R., Topaloglu, R., Das, A., Webb, N., & Wanner, C. (2022). Expert guidance on the multidisciplinary management of cystinosis in adolescent and adult patients. Clinical Kidney Journal , 15 (9), 1675–1684. https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfac099
Liao, Z., Fang, Z., Gou, S., Luo, Y., Liu, Y., He, Z., Li, X., Peng, Y., Fu, Z., Li, D., Chen, H., & Luo, Z. (2022). The role of diet in renal cell carcinoma incidence: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies. BMC Medicine , 20 (39). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02229-5
Lubeck, B. (2023, April 25). Selenium: Everything you need to know. Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/selen...d-more-7481242
Malek, A., Hunt, K., Turan, T., Mateus, J., Lackland, D., Lucas, A., & Wilson, D. (2022). Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with and without pre-pregnancy hypertension are associated with incident maternal kidney disease subsequent to delivery. Hypertension , 79 , 844–854. doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18451
Mas Que Ideas Foundation. (2022, April). Kidney cancer diet and nutrition: A guide for patients and their families . https://ikcc.org/wp-content/uploads/...eb-version.pdf
McCarthy, C. (2021, January 26). New dietary guidelines: Any changes for infants, children, and teens? Harvard Health Publishing. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/...-2021012621831
Medical Home Portal. (n.d.). Nutritional needs of the preterm infant . https://www.medicalhomeportal.org/cl...preterm-infant
Mobley, D., Patel, H., & Baum, N. (2020, May 20). Impact of nutrition on urologic and renal diseases . Renal & Urology News. https://www.renalandurologynews.com/...ladder-cancer/
Modglin, L. (2022, February 22). Mediterranean diet voted best for 2022: What do diabetes experts say? DiaTribeLearn. diatribe.org/mediterranean-d...es-experts-say
National Institutes of Health (2021). Manganese . https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Ma...hProfessional/
National Institutes of Health (2022a). Copper . https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Co...hProfessional/ .
National Institutes of Health. (2022b). Vitamin B 12 . https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vi...hProfessional/
National Kidney Foundation. (2022). FDA proposes new definition of “healthy”: What this mean for people with kidney disease. https://www.kidney.org/newsletter/fd...kidney-disease
National Kidney Foundation. (2023). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) . https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/gfr
Nelms, C. (2018). Optimizing enteral nutrition for growth in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). Frontiers in Pediatrics , 6 (1), 214. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2018.00214
NHS Inform. (2023, February 13). Urinary tract infection in children . www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses...ti-in-children
Norton Children’s. (2020, December 3). Five foods for urinary tract infections in a child . https://nortonchildrens.com/news/5-p...rinary-health/
Nusken, E., Voggel, J., Fink, G., Dotsch, J., & Nusken, K. (2020). Impact of early-life diet on long-term renal health. Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics , 7 (17). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40348-020-00109-1
Orlando Health. (2023, August 3). Kidney stones: Pregnancy’s secret side effect . https://www.orlandohealth.com/conten...et-side-effect
Patel, J., & Rouster, A. (2022, August 8). Infant nutrition requirements and options. In StatPearls [Internet]. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560758/
Peerapan, P., & Thongboonkerd, V. (2023). Kidney stone prevention. Advances in Nutrition , 14 (3), 555–569. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.advnut.2023.03.002
Richards, L. (2022, July 17). What to know about natural treatments for kidney cancer . Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/art...and-other-tips
Sass, C. (2022, December 8). Best foods for vaginal health . Health. https://www.health.com/condition/sex...ods-for-vagina
Satellite Healthcare. (2022). Total kidney health: A holistic approach to value-based kidney care . NephTalk. https://www.satellitehealthcare.com/...ed-kidney-care
Shi, H., Chen, L., Wang, Y., Sun, M., Guo, Y., Ma, S., Wang, X., Jiang, H., Wang, X., Lu, J., Ge, L., Dong, S., Zhuang, Y., Zhao, Y., Wei, Y., Ma, X., & Qiao, J. (2022). Severity of anemia during pregnancy and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. JAMA Network Open , 5 (2): e2147046. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47046
Siligato, R., Gembillo, G., Cernaro, V., Torre, F., Salvo, A., Granese, R., & Santoro, D. (2020). Maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in nephrotic syndrome due to primary glomerulonephritis. Frontiers in Medicine , 10 (7), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.563094
Sissons, B. (2019, November 27). UTI in pregnancy: Everything you need to know . Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327148
Stanford Medicine Children’s Health. (n.d.). Zinc . https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en...d=zinc-19-Zinc
Stoppler, M. (2020, July 24). Urinary incontinence: Foods and drinks that cause overactive bladder . RxList. https://www.rxlist.com/urinary_incon...ow/article.htm
Thompson, D., Jr. (2023, May 18). Best diet and nutrition tips for kidney cancer . Everyday Health. https://www.everydayhealth.com/kidne...nutrition.aspx
Tommasso, C., Mauro, G., Mattivi, F., Mondaini, N., Mingo, S., Boddi, V., Gacci, P., Detti, B., Gontero, P., Chiodini, S., Mereu, L., Tateo, S., Mazzoli, S., Malossini, G., & Bartoletti, R. (2014). Apple consumption is related to better sexual quality in young women. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics , 290 (1), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-014-3168-x
UNICEF. (n.d.). Maternal nutrition: Preventing malnutrition in pregnant and breastfeeding women . https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/maternal
Urology Care Foundation (2023). Pregnancy and Kidney Stones . https://www.urologyhealth.org/health...-kidney-stones .
Urology Specialists. (2015, March 17). Nutrition to avoid urinary tract infections . www.urologyspecialistsnc.com...ct-infections/
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2020). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020–2025 (9th ed.). https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/si..._2020-2025.pdf
UT Southwestern Medical Center. (2023, June 12). Lots of water, small dietary changes can help prevent kidney stones, UTSW expert says . https://www.newswise.com/articles/lo...sw-expert-says
Weinberg, J. L. (2023, May 25). A functional medicine kidney stone protocol: Testing, supplements, and treatment options . Rupa Health. https://www.rupahealth.com/post/a-fu...atment-options
Wiles, K., Chappell, L., Clark, K., Elman, L., Hall, M., Lightstone, L., Mohamed, G., Mukherjee, D., Nelson-Piercy, C., Webster, P., Whybrow, R., & Bramham, K. (2019). Clinical practice guideline on pregnancy and renal disease. BMC Nephrology , 20 (401). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-019-1560-2
Wiles, K., Webster, P., Seed, P., Bennett-Richards, K., Bramham, K., Brunskill, N., Carr, S., Hall, M., Khan, R., Nelson-Piercy, C., Webster, L., Chappell, C., & Lightstone, L. (2020). The impact of chronic kidney disease stages 3–5 on pregnancy outcomes. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation , 36 (11), 2008–2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa247
Willacy, H. (2022). Physiological changes in pregnancy . https://patient.info/doctor/physiolo...s-in-pregnancy
Williamson, L. (2022, February 25). High blood pressure may raise future kidney disease risk for pregnant women . American Heart Association. https://www.heart.org/en/news/2022/0...pregnant-women
Wing, D., & Johnston, R. (2017). Obstetrics and gynecology: Acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy . Cancer Therapy Advisor. https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com...-in-pregnancy/
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. (2020a, January 23). Foods to fight iron deficiency . https://www.eatright.org/health/esse...ron-deficiency
Afzaal, M., Saeed, F., Shah, Y., Hussain., M., Rabail, R., Socol, C., Hassoun, A., Pateiro, M., Lorenzo, J., Rusu, A., & Aadil, R. (2022). Human gut microbiota in health and disease: Unveiling the relationship. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13 , 999001. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.999001
American Dental Association. (2023, July 7). Nutrition and oral health . https://www.ada.org/resources/resear...nd-oral-health
Azzouz, L. A., & Sharma, S. (2023, July 31). Physiology, large intestine (PMID 29939634). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507857/
Castera, M., & Borhade, M. (2022, September 5). Fluid management (PMID 30335338 ). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532305/
Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.-a). Hyperkalemia (high potassium). my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...lood-potassium
Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.-b). Koilonychia (spoon nails). my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...ia-spoon-nails
Diaz de Ortiz, L., & Mendez, M. (2023, March 24). Palatal and gingival cysts in newborns (PMID 29630229). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493177/
Ems, T., Lucia, K., & Huecker, M. (2023, April 17). Biochemistry, iron absorption (PMID 28846259). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448204/
Feroze, K., & Kaufman, E. (2023, April 17). Xerophthalmia (PMID 28613746). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431094/
Fish, E., & Burns, B. (2022, October 14). Physiology, small bowel (PMID 30335296). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532263/
Gantan, E., & Wiedrich, L. (2023, August 14). Neonatal evaluation (PMID 32644369). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558943/
Gold, J., & Schoenhaus, J. (2023, August 13). Foot and ankle doctor Boynton Beach explains how salt and lack of exercise affects lower leg health. Foot, Ankle & Leg Vein Center. https://www.bocaratonfootcare.com/fo...er-leg-health/
Gunnars, K. (2023, May 3). 22 high fiber foods you should eat . https://www.healthline.com/nutrition...gh-fiber-foods
Hakes, H. (2021, April 5). Vitamin deficiencies: Noting the oral health clues present in the mouth . https://www.todaysrdh.com/vitamin-de...-in-the-mouth/
Howley, E. K. (2020, July 13). 9 foods high in vitamin B 12 . U.S. News & World Report. health.usnews.com/wellness/f...in-vitamin-b12
Hsu, M., Safadi, A., & Lui, F. (2023, July 17). Physiology, stomach (PMID 30571046). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535425/
Johnson, J. (2021, February 18). What to know about low blood pressure with a high pulse . Medical News Today. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/art...ure-high-pulse
Johnson, L. E. (2022, November). Riboflavin deficiency (vitamin B 2 deficiency). MSD Manual. https://www.msdmanuals.com/professio...vin-deficiency
Kesari, A., & Noel, J. (2023, April 10). Nutritional assessment (PMID 35593821). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK580496/
Lee, J., Tsolis, R., & Baumler, A. (2022). The microbiome and gut homeostasis. Science, 377 (6601), eabp9960. doi.org/10.1126/science.abp9960
Mealie, C., Ali, R., & Manthey, D. (2022, October 10). Abdominal exam (PMID 29083767). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459220/
Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine. (n.d.). Dry mouth . https://www.mountsinai.org/health-li...toms/dry-mouth
Ogobuiro, I., Gonzales, J., Shumway, K. R., & Tuma, F. (2023, April 8). Physiology, gastrointestinal (PMID 30725788). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537103/
Plewa, M., & Chatterjee, K. (2022, August 7). Aphthous stomatitis (PMID 28613713). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431059/
Rosenthal, B. (2020, October). Recognizing the impact of nutrition in healing wounds . Podiatry Today. https://www.hmpgloballearningnetwork...healing-wounds
Sanchez Lopez de Nava, A., & Raja, A. (2022, September 12). Physiology, metabolism (PMID 31536296). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546690/
Sawar, M. F., Sawar, M. H., & Sawar, M. (2021). Deficiency of B-complex and its relation with body disorders. In J. G. LeBlanc (Ed.). B-complex vitamins . IntechOpen. https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/78374
Schneider, A., & Gibbs, H. (2022, December 7). Disparities in housing, health care, child care, and economic security affect babies for life . Center for American Progress. www.americanprogress.org/art...bies-for-life/
Stewart, A. (n.d.). Deficiency symptoms and signs . Stewart Nutrition. www.stewartnutrition.co.uk/n...and_signs.html
UPMC. (n.d.). Defining obesity . https://www.upmc.com/locations/hospi...fining-obesity
Weersma, R., Zhernakova, A., & Fu, J. (2020). Interaction between drugs and the gut microbiome. Gut, 69 , 1510–1519. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-7371
Abrams, S. A. (2022, May 17). How to safely prepare baby formula with water. https://www.healthychildren.org/Engl...ith-water.aspx
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2015). Portions and serving sizes . https://www.healthychildren.org/Engl...ing-Sizes.aspx
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2023). Nutrition during pregnancy . https://www.acog.org/womens-health/f...ring-pregnancy
Balestrieri, P., Ribolsi, M., Guarino, M., Emerenziani, S., Altomare, A., & Cicala, M. (2020). Nutritional aspects in inflammatory bowel diseases. Nutrients , 12 (2), 372. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu12020372
Bedosky, L. (2022). Resistant Starch 101: Potential Benefits, Foods that Contain it, and More . https://www.everydayhealth.com/diet-...nt-starch-101/
Ben-Joseph, E. P. (2023). When should kids switch to nonfat milk? https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/st...skim-milk.html
Bhatia, A., Shatanof, R., and Bordoni, B. (2023). Embryology, Gastrointestinal. StatPearls . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537172/
Cancer Research UK (2022). Mercaptopurine (Xaluprine). https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/abo...mercaptopurine
Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation. (n.d.). What should I eat? https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation....t-should-i-eat
García-Montero, C., Fraile-Martinez, O., Rodriguez-Martín, S., Saz, J. V., Rodriguez, R. A., Moreno, J. M. P., Labarta, J. R., García-Honduvilla, N., Alvarez-Mon, M., Bravo, C., De Leon-Luis, J. A., & Ortega, M. A. (2023). The use of prebiotics from pregnancy and its complications: Health for mother and offspring—A narrative review. Foods , 12 (6), 1148. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12061148
Getz, M. (2022, June 10). How does your baby eat and poop in the womb? Babycenter. https://www.babycenter.com/pregnancy...ystem_40005566
Jin, J., Gao, L., Zou, X., Zhang, Y., Zheng, Z., Zhang, X,. Li, J., Tian, Z., Wang, X., Gu, J., Zhang, C., Wu, T., Wang, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2022). Gut dysbiosis promotes preeclampsia by regulating macrophages and trophoblasts. Circulation Research , 131 (6), 492–506. doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.122.320771
Johns Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). 5 foods to improve your digestion. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heal...your-digestion
Kaiser Permanente. (2015). Moxifloxacin . wa.kaiserpermanente.org/kbas...cId=hn-4012001
Lifespan Health System. (n.d.). Gastrointestinal issues during pregnancy . https://www.lifespan.org/centers-ser...sues-pregnancy
Mahadevan, U., Robinson, C., Bernasko, N., Boland, B., Chambers, C., Dubinsky, M., Friedman, S., Kane, S., Manthey, J., Sauberan, J., Stone, J., & Jain, R. (2019). Inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy clinical care pathway: A report from the American Gastroenterological Association IBD Parenthood Project Working Group. Gastroenterology, 156 (5), 1508–1524. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.022
Martinez, J., Kahana, D., Ghuman, S., Wilson, H., Wilson, J., Kim, S., Lagishetty, V., Jacobs, J., Sinha-Hikim, A., & Friedman, T. (2021). Unhealthy lifestyle and gut dysbiosis: A better understanding of the effects of poor diet and nicotine on the intestinal microbiome. Frontiers in Endocrinology , 12 , 667066. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.667066
Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Drugs and supplements . https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements
Mayo Clinic (2023). Metronidazole (Oral Route). www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-sup...s/drg-20064745
Naeini, B., Rajabi, P., & Dehghani, S. (2021). Azathioprine-induced pellagra in a child with autoimmune hepatitis: A case report and literature review. Clinical Case Reports, 9 (10), e04975. doi.org/10.1002%2Fccr3.4975
Nebraska Medicine. (2022, September 19). Diet and gastrointestinal disease: 8 best foods for gut health . https://www.nebraskamed.com/gastroin...for-gut-health
Nesta. (2019, August 27). Key components of a healthy diet for children and teens . https://www.nestacertified.com/key-c...ren-and-teens/
NHS (2021). Sulfasalazine . https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/sulfasalazine/
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2023). Eat healthy during pregnancy: Quick tips . U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://health.gov/myhealthfinder/pr...ncy-quick-tips
Oregon Health and Science University. (2023). Nutrition during pregnancy . https://www.ohsu.edu/womens-health/n...ring-pregnancy
Patel, J., & Rouster, A. (2023). Infant nutrition requirements and options . StatPearls. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560758/
Peace Health. (2015). Metronidazole . https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-.../id/hn-1153006
PeaceHealth (2023). Olsalazine Oral Capsule (OLSALAZINE-ORAL). https://www.peacehealth.org/medical-...bm30600-5003-3
Prescott, J., Drake, V., & Stevens, J. (2018). Medications and micronutrients: Identifying clinically relevant interactions and addressing nutritional needs. Journal of Pharmacy Technology, 34 (5), 216–230. doi.org/10.1177%2F8755122518780742
Ratajczak, A., Szymczak-Tomczak, A., Rychter, A., Zawada, A., Dobrowolska, A., & Hrela-Kazmericzak, I. (2021). Does folic acid protect patients with inflammatory bowel disease from complications? Nutrients , 13 (11), 4036. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu13114036
Stanford Medicine Children’s Health. (n.d.). 5 ways to boost your child’s gut health . https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en...alth-197-29161
Tabani, A., & Olendzki, B. (2019, April 18). The correlation between pregnancy and the gut . https://www.umassmed.edu/nutrition/b...y-and-the-gut/
Thomas, L. (2023). Nutritional needs of young children (age 5–10). News-Medical.Net. https://www.news-medical.net/health/...Age-5-10).aspx
UMass Chan Medical School. (n.d.). IBD & pregnancy (the MELODY trial). https://www.umassmed.edu/maldonado-c...-melody-trial/
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Dietary guidelines for Americans 2020–2025 (9th ed.). https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/si...-2020-2025.pdf
Zhang, C., Li, L., Jin, B., Xu, X., Zuo, X., Li, Y., and Li, Z. (2021). The Effects of Delivery Mode on the Gut Microbiota and Health: State of Art. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12 . DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.724449 . https://www.frontiersin.org/articles...21.724449/full
Academic Senate for California Community Colleges (ASCCC). (2021) Open Educational Resources Initiative.
Academic Master. (2018, September 13). Biology: Affiliation Integumentary and Musculoskeletal Systems. https://academic-master.com/affiliat...letal-systems/
Benedetti, J. (2021, December). Diagnostic Tests for Skin Disorders . Merck Manual Professional Version. Retrieved May1, 2023, from https://www.merckmanuals.com/profess...skin-disorders
Benedetti, J. (2021, December 16). Foods that Fight Inflammation . Harvard Health Publishing. Retrieved May 3, 2023, from https://www.health.harvard.edu/stayi...t-inflammation
Benedetti, J. (2021, August 17). The Best Foods for Vitamins and Minerals . Harvard Health Publishing. Retrieved May 3, 2023, from https://www.health.harvard.edu/stayi...s-and-minerals
Campbell, B. (2023). What to Eat When You are Trying to Heal . Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/f...o-help-healing
Campbell, B. (2021). Calcium Nutrition and Bone Health . Orthoinfo. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/stayin...d-bone-health/
Cao, C., Xiao, Z., Wu, Y., & Ge, C. (2020, March 24). Diet and Skin Aging-From the Perspective of Food Nutrition. Nutrients , 12 (3):870. doi: 10.3390/nu12030870
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, July 15). Consequences of Obesity . https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/consequences.html
Cleveland Clinic, Health Essentials. (2023, January 31). What to Eat When You are Trying to Heal. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/f...-help-healing/
Cleveland Clinic. (2022). Vitiligo . my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...12419-vitiligo
Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2023) Pressure Ulcers . https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heal...ressure-ulcers
LibreTexts Medicine. (2022, March 29). Integumentary Assessment. Chippewa Valley Technical College. https://med.libretexts.org/@go/page/44631
LibreTexts Medicine (2019, June 23). Overview of the Musculoskeletal System . https://med.libretexts.org/@api/deki...xme?revision=1
LibreTexts Musculoskeletal Assessment. (2022, April 5). Chippewa Valley Technical College. https://med.libretexts.org/@go/page/44622
Mayo Clinic. (2021, February 9). Vitamin D . www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-sup...d/art-20363792
Mazzasette, W. M., Julie Jenks, Chiara, & Nguyen, K.-L. (2021, May 17). Tissue Injury and Aging. ASCCC) Open Educational Resources Initiative. https://med.libretexts.org/@go/page/22268
Mazzasette, W. M., Julie Jenks, Chiara, & Nguyen, K.-L. (2021, May 17). Integumentary System. ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative. https://med.libretexts.org/@go/page/22269
Marriott, B., Birt, D., Stallings, V., & Yates, A., (2020) Present Knowledge in Nutrition (11th ed.). ILSI.
Meacham, J. (2022). Vitamins for Muscle Recovery. Healthline . https://www.healthline.com/nutrition...-sports-injury
Morris, G. (2022). 10 Ways Nurses and Nurse Leaders Can Improve Patient Education. Nurse Journal. https://nursejournal.org/articles/ti...ent-education/
U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2023). Basic Nutrition . www.nutrition.gov/topics/basic-nutrition
National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke (2023, March 17). Brain Basics: Know Your Brain . National Institutes of Health. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-inf...now-your-brain .
Nursing Skills - 2e Copyright © 2023 by Chippewa Valley Technical College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingskills/
Orthopedic Oncology (2023, April 1). Genetic Basis of Musculoskeletal Disorders . Teach Me Orthopedics. https://teachmeorthopedics.info/gene...tal-disorders/
Pagana, K., & Pagana, T. (2023). Mosby’s Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference (16th ed.). Elsevier.
Saeg F, Orazi R, Bowers GM, Janis JE. Evidence-based nutritional interventions in wound care. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021 Jul 1;148 (1):226-238. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000008061
Thau, L., Reddy, V., & Singh, P. (2022, October 10). Anatomy, Central Nervous System . National Library of Medicine. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542179/
Travers, J. (2020). The Bone-Strength Plan . Welbeck Balance. London.
White, A. (2022). The Correct Method to Completing an Integumentary Assessment . Nursing CE Central. https://nursingcecentral.com/the-cor...ry-assessment/
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. (2016, September). Position statement: Children and musculoskeletal health (Position Statement 1170). https://www.aaos.org/contentassets/1...tal-health.pdf
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. (2023). Policy on use of fluoride . https://www.aapd.org/research/oral-h...e-of-fluoride/
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2022, May 31). Osteopenia in newborns and infants . https://www.aap.org/en/patient-care/...s-and-infants/
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2021). Osteoporosis prevention, screening, and diagnosis . https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinic...-and-diagnosis
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2022, October). Osteoporosis: Frequently asked questions . https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/osteoporosis
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2023, June). Nutrition during pregnancy: Frequently asked questions. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/f...ring-pregnancy
Azzolino, D., Spolidoro, G. C. I., Saporiti, E., Luchetti, C., Agostoni, C., & Cesari, M. (2021). Musculoskeletal changes across the lifespan: Nutrition and the life-course approach to prevention. Frontiers in Medicine , 8 , 697954. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.697954
Burmeister, M. A., Fincher, T. K., Todd, A. M., Virga, K. G., & Maddox, M. M. (2021). An overview of male osteoporosis. U.S. Pharmacist , 46 (6):18–24.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, May 17). Maternal diet. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/br...rnal-diet.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, July 2). Vitamin D . https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/br...vitamin-d.html
Chanchlani, R., Nemer, P., Sinha, R., Nemer, L., Krishnappa, V., Sochett, E., Safadi, F., & Raina, R. (2020). An overview of rickets in children. Kidney International Reports , 5 (7), 980–990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2020.03.025
DailyMed. (2018, November 30). Tetracycline hydrochloride capsule. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailyme...8-c1c7df46d664
Endocrine Society. (2022, January 24). Menopause and bone loss. https://www.endocrine.org/patient-en...-and-bone-loss
Fulton, J., Evans, B., Miller, S., et al. (2016). Development of a nutrition screening tool for an outpatient wound center. Advances in Skin and Wound Care , 29 (3), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.asw.0000479803.09658.cb
Gelsomin, E. (2020, March 9). The scoop on protein powder . Harvard Health Publishing. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/...-2020030918986
Ganesan, K., Goyal, A., & Roane, D. (2023, July 3). Bisphosphonate . StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470248/
Hall, K., Ayuketah, A., Brychta, R., Cai, H., Cassimatis, T., Chen, K., Chung, S., Costa, E., Courville, A., Darcey, V., Fletcher, L., Forde, C., Gharib, A., Guo, J., Howard, R., Joseph, P., McGehee, S., Ouwerkerk, R., Raisinger, K., Rozga, I., Zhou, M. (2019). Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: An inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake. Cell metabolism , 30 (1), 67–77.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2019.05.008
Harvard Health Publishing. (2022, August 15). The hidden dangers of protein powders. https://www.health.harvard.edu/stayi...rotein-powders
Isaksen, I., & Dankel, S. (2023). Ultra-processed food consumption and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) , 42 (6), 919–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.03.018
Jang, J. Y., Kim, D., & Kim, N. D. (2023). Pathogenesis, intervention, and current status of drug development for sarcopenia: A review. Biomedicines , 11 (6), 1635. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061635
Klemm, S. (2020, July 21). How teen athletes can build muscles with protein. American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. https://www.eatright.org/health/esse...s-with-protein
Manley, S., & Mitchell, A. (2022). The impact of nutrition on pressure ulcer healing. British Journal of Nursing , 31 (12), S26–S30. doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2022.31.12.s26
March of Dimes. (2020, April). Eating healthy during pregnancy . https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-su...ring-pregnancy
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. (2023a, May). Osteoporosis in men. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-top...teoporosis-men
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. (2023b, May). Pregnancy, breastfeeding, and bone health. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-top...nd-bone-health
Office of Dietary Supplements. (2022, April 26). Fluoride: Fact sheet for health professionals. National Institutes of Health. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Fl...hProfessional/
Nowicki, P., Kemppainen, J., Maskill, L., & Cassidy, J. (2019). The role of obesity in pediatric orthopedics. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews , 3 (5), e036. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00036
Panuganti, K. K., Nguyen, M., & Kshirsagar, R. K. (2023, August 8). Obesity (PMID 29083734). National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459357/
Prado, C., Landi, F., Chew, S., Atherton, P. J., Molinger, J., Ruck, T., & Gonzalez, M. C. (2022). Advances in muscle health and nutrition: A guide for healthcare professionals. Clinical Nutrition, 41 (10), 2244–2263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.041
Reid, I., & Bolland, M. (2020). Calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of fragility fractures: Who needs it? Nutrients , 12 (4), 1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041011
Thornton-Evans, G., Junger, M. L., Lin, M., Wei, L. ,Espinoza, L., & Beltran-Aguilar, E. (2019, February 1). Use of Toothpaste and Toothbrushing Patterns Among Children and Adolescents — United States, 2013–2016. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Weekly , 68 (4); 87–90. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6804a3.htm
Tihtonen, K., Korhonen, P., Isojärvi, J., Ojala, R., Ashorn, U., Ashorn, P., & Tammela, O. (2022). Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and maternal and offspring bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 1509 (1), 23–36. doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14705
University of Sheffield. (n.d.). FRAX fracture risk assessment tool. https://frax.shef.ac.uk/FRAX/tool.aspx?country=9