1.1: Terminology
- Page ID
- 55349
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Animal Terminology
| POULTRY | Broiler / fryer | chicken raised for meat |
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Capon | castrated male chicken or turkey |
| Chick | new born chicken or turkey | |
| Cock or rooster | male chicken of breeding age | |
| Cockerel | young male chicken | |
| Hen | mature female chicken or turkey | |
| Hen poult | young female turkey | |
| Jake | young male turkey | |
| Poult | young turkey | |
| Pullet | immature laying hen | |
| Spent hen | egg-laying hen that is no longer producing eggs that are of grade A quality (approximately 2 years of age) | |
| Tom | male turkey of breeding age |
| CATTLE | Bull | male of breeding age |
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Bullock | young male, typically less than 20 months of age |
| Calf | newborn (generally any male or female less than 1 year of age) | |
| Cow | mature female; a female that has produced a calf | |
| Dry cow | a cow that has finished one lactation and has not yet given birth and started a subsequent lactation | |
| Heifer | young female; a female that has not produced a calf | |
| One-calf heifer | young female that has produced only one calf and is in her first lactation | |
| Heiferette | a heifer that has calved once, is not lactating, and is fed for slaughter | |
| Springer | breeding age heifer that has not yet given birth to her first calf | |
| Steer | castrated male | |
| Stocker | weaned cattle that are run on grass or are fed high roughage diets | |
| Yearling | male or female that is 1-2 years of age |
| HORSES | Colt | young male |
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Filly | young female |
| Foal | newborn | |
| Gelding | castrated male | |
| Mare | mature female | |
| Stallion or stud | male of breeding age |
| SHEEP | Ewe | mature female |
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Ewe lamb | young female |
| Lamb | newborn | |
| Ram | male of breeding age | |
| Ram lamb | young male | |
| Wether | castrated male |
| GOATS | Buck or billy | male of breeding age |
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Buck kid | young male |
| Doe | mature female | |
| Doe kid | young female | |
| Kid | newborn | |
| Wether | castrated male |
| SWINE | Barrow | castrated male |
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Boar | male of breeding age |
| Finishing Pig | pig aged from about 10 weeks to slaughter age (about 6 months of age) | |
| Gilt | young female; a female that has not had a litter | |
| Nursery pig | pig aged 21 days to 10-12 weeks | |
| Piglet | newborn, up to 21 days of age | |
| Shoat | young male | |
| Sow | mature female; a female that has had a litter | |
| Weaned pig | piglet that has been separated from the sow |
| DOGS | Bitch | intact female |
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Dog or stud | mature male |
| Puppy | newborn | |
| CATS | Queen | intact female |
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Tom | mature male |
| Kitten | newborn | |
Production Terminology
| POULTRY | Aviary house | cageless layer house with litter floor and multiple layers of perches and nests, allowing birds to freely move between all levels |
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Furnished cages | large enclosed cages, holding 30-60 laying hens, that have perches and scratch pads |
| Grandparent stock | first generation, highest biosecurity level poultry stock owned by breeder companies | |
| Litter | wood chips or seed (rice, peanut) hulls used for footing | |
| Multiplier stock | offspring of grandparent stock; owned by poultry companies and bred for production of growing turkeys, broilers, and layers |
| CATTLE | Backgrounding | growing program for feeder cattle from time calves are weaned until they are on a finishing ration in the feedlot |
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Biological type | refers to size of cattle (small, medium or large), growth rate, milk production (high, medium or low), and age at puberty |
| Calf crop | number or percentage of calves produced within a herd in a given year relative to the number of cows and heifers in the breeding herd | |
| Calving | act of giving birth | |
| Conditioning | treatment of cattle by vaccination and other procedures before introducing them into the feedlot | |
| Cow-calf operation | a management unit that maintains a breeding herd of cows and produces weaned calves for sale | |
| Crossbred | an animal that is the product of the crossing of two or more breeds | |
| Culling | removing cattle from the herd for sale or slaughter | |
| Dry period | rest period at the end of a lactation before a cow gives birth again | |
| Feeder cattle | those requiring more growth and/or fattening before slaughter | |
| Feedlot | beef cattle enterprise where cattle are placed in confinement, fed harvested feeds, and fattened for slaughter | |
| Finished cattle | cattle whose time in the feedlot is completed and are now ready for slaughter | |
| Freestall | loose housing system for cows indoors, in which cows can move freely in groups within a large space | |
| Fresh cow | cow that has given birth within the last 3 weeks | |
| Freshening | calving | |
| Lactation | period between two calvings during which the cow gives milk, usually lasting about one year. A cow that has just given birth to her second calf is in her second lactation | |
| Preconditioning | preparation of feeder calves for marketing and shipment, may include vaccinations, castration, training calves to eat and drink in pens | |
| Seedstock producer | enterprise that produces breeding animals for the commercial segment of the industry | |
| Serving | act of breeding | |
| Tiestall | confined housing system with cow tethered by their head and held in one place |
| HORSES | Foaling | act of giving birth |
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Covering | act of breeding |
| SHEEP | Lambing | act of giving birth |
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Tupping | act of breeding |
| GOATS | Kidding | act of giving birth |
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Serving | act of breeding |
| PIGS | Farrowing | act of giving birth |
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Coupling | act of breeding |
| Farrowing rate | (# farrowing / # bred) x 100 | |
| Non-productive days | days a given sow or gilt of breeding age is present in the herd but is not pregnant or lactating | |
| Not-in-pig | female diagnosed pregnant (usually by ultrasound) that does not go on to farrow = mortality of all fetuses during gestation |
| DOGS | ||
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Whelping | act of giving birth |
| CATS | ||
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Queening | act of giving birth |