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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Anatomy_and_Physiology_2e_(OpenStax)/01%3A_Levels_of_Organization/04%3A_The_Tissue_Level_of_Organization/4.07%3A_Tissue_Injury_and_AgingThe suffix “-itis” denotes inflammation of a specific organ or type, for example, peritonitis is the inflammation of the peritoneum, and meningitis refers to the inflammation of the meninges, the toug...The suffix “-itis” denotes inflammation of a specific organ or type, for example, peritonitis is the inflammation of the peritoneum, and meningitis refers to the inflammation of the meninges, the tough membranes that surround the central nervous system In the third step, the scab is gone and the epidermis has grown in and contracted to seal the upper portion of the wound.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(Lange_et_al.)/03%3A_Tissue_Level_of_Organization/3.07%3A_Tissue_Injury_and_AgingTissues of all types are vulnerable to injury and, inevitably, aging. In the former case, understanding how tissues respond to damage can guide strategies to aid repair. In the latter case, understand...Tissues of all types are vulnerable to injury and, inevitably, aging. In the former case, understanding how tissues respond to damage can guide strategies to aid repair. In the latter case, understanding the impact of aging can help in the search for ways to diminish its effects.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Basic_Science/Cell_Biology_Genetics_and_Biochemistry_for_Pre-Clinical_Students/15%3A_Cellular_Signaling/15.02%3A_ApoptosisWhen a cell receives an apoptotic signal, the procaspases become active and begin the process of protein degradation starting with the cleavage of laminins in the nuclear envelope, protein kinases, tr...When a cell receives an apoptotic signal, the procaspases become active and begin the process of protein degradation starting with the cleavage of laminins in the nuclear envelope, protein kinases, transcription factors, snRP proteins, and inhibitors of special DNAses, which are able to fragment the nuclear DNA (figure 15.6).
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Virginia_Tech_Carilion_School_of_Medicine/Block_V_Preparation_Materials/10%3A_Adaptive_Immunity/10.05%3A_Cell-Mediated_Immunity/10.5.03%3A_Activating_Macrophages_and_NK_CellsEffector T4-lymphocytes called TH1 cells coordinate immunity against intracellular bacteria and promote opsonization by macrophages. Cytokines produced by TH1 cells promote cell-mediated immunity agai...Effector T4-lymphocytes called TH1 cells coordinate immunity against intracellular bacteria and promote opsonization by macrophages. Cytokines produced by TH1 cells promote cell-mediated immunity against intracellular pathogens by activating macrophages and enhancing their antimicrobial effectiveness, increasing the production of opsonizing and complement activating IgG that enhances phagocytosis, and promoting diapedesis and chemotaxis of macrophages to the infection site.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nursing/Medical-Surgical_Nursing_(OpenStax)/08%3A_Stress_and_Stress-Related_Disorders/8.06%3A_Inflammation-_Cellular_Response_to_StressThe document provides an overview of the body's cellular response to stress, focusing on cellular function, feedback mechanisms, and inflammation. It explores how cells adapt or respond to stress thro...The document provides an overview of the body's cellular response to stress, focusing on cellular function, feedback mechanisms, and inflammation. It explores how cells adapt or respond to stress through processes like apoptosis and autophagy, and the role of telomeres in cell longevity. The text outlines positive and negative feedback loops in maintaining homeostasis, such as the roles of oxytocin and insulin. It discusses inflammation types, systemic responses, and chemical mediators.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/01%3A_Cell_Physiology/1.05%3A_The_Cytoplasm_and_Cellular_Organelles/1.5.03%3A_LysosomesThis page discusses lysosomes, organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down damaged or unnecessary cellular components. Formed from Golgi apparatus vesicles, they can create new lysoso...This page discusses lysosomes, organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down damaged or unnecessary cellular components. Formed from Golgi apparatus vesicles, they can create new lysosomes or merge with existing ones. Lysosomes are essential for autophagy and phagocytosis, digesting foreign substances, and in autolysis, which helps regulate apoptosis, a controlled cell death process.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_(OERI)/03%3A_Tissue_Level_of_Organization/3.07%3A_Tissue_Injury_and_AgingTissues of all types are vulnerable to injury and, inevitably, aging. In the former case, understanding how tissues respond to damage can guide strategies to aid repair. In the latter case, understand...Tissues of all types are vulnerable to injury and, inevitably, aging. In the former case, understanding how tissues respond to damage can guide strategies to aid repair. In the latter case, understanding the impact of aging can help in the search for ways to diminish its effects.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/16%3A_Vitamin_D_(Chapter_18b)/16.01%3A_Functions_of_vitamin_D_(18b.1)This page explains that active vitamin D (calcitriol) acts as a steroid hormone crucial for calcium and phosphorus absorption and bone mineralization. It is synthesized on demand, rapidly reaching tar...This page explains that active vitamin D (calcitriol) acts as a steroid hormone crucial for calcium and phosphorus absorption and bone mineralization. It is synthesized on demand, rapidly reaching target tissues, and is involved in various cellular functions, including immune modulation and regulating cell processes like differentiation and apoptosis, through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Anatomy_and_Physiology_1e_(OpenStax)/Unit_1%3A_Levels_of_Organization/04%3A_The_Tissue_Level_of_Organization/4.06%3A_Tissue_Injury_and_AgingThe suffix “-itis” denotes inflammation of a specific organ or type, for example, peritonitis is the inflammation of the peritoneum, and meningitis refers to the inflammation of the meninges, the toug...The suffix “-itis” denotes inflammation of a specific organ or type, for example, peritonitis is the inflammation of the peritoneum, and meningitis refers to the inflammation of the meninges, the tough membranes that surround the central nervous system Because of alterations in cell membranes, transport of oxygen and nutrients into the cell and removal of carbon dioxide and waste products from the cell are not as efficient in the elderly.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sports_and_Exercise/Open_Textbook_of_Exercise_Physiology_(MacIntosh)/03%3A_Integration_of_Exercise_Physiology/3.04%3A_Chapter_15-_The_Immune_System_Response_to_Acute_and_Chronic_ExerciseThe lymphoid system (see Figure 15-1) consists of the lymph vessels, the primary organ of the thymus gland, as well as the adenoids, tonsils, appendix, spleen (located at the upper left of the abdomen...The lymphoid system (see Figure 15-1) consists of the lymph vessels, the primary organ of the thymus gland, as well as the adenoids, tonsils, appendix, spleen (located at the upper left of the abdomen), lymph nodes (bundles of lymphoid tissue located along the lymphatic vessels with concentrations in the neck, armpits, abdomen, and groin), and Peyer’s patches (bundles of lymphoid tissue located along portions of the intestines).
