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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Intermediate_Nutrition_(Lindshield)/01%3A_Nutrition_Basics/1.07%3A_Interpreting_ResearchBecause they synthesize the findings from multiple trials or studies, systematic literature reviews are considered the highest level of nutrition research evidence and are therefore shown at the top o...Because they synthesize the findings from multiple trials or studies, systematic literature reviews are considered the highest level of nutrition research evidence and are therefore shown at the top of the strength of nutrition research pyramid below. Thus, there is a decrease in the overall number of hypotheses represented by the height of the figure) being investigated by the next form of research.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Intermediate_Nutrition_(Lindshield)/09%3A_Antioxidant_Micronutrients/9.04%3A_SeleniumThe structure of selenomethionine is shown above the structure of the amino acid methionine in the figure below. This is because runoff from the soil causes selenium to collect in the water in high le...The structure of selenomethionine is shown above the structure of the amino acid methionine in the figure below. This is because runoff from the soil causes selenium to collect in the water in high levels and then starts working its way up the food chain and causing problems, as shown in the following link. They then isolated the virus from the hearts of the mice from both groups and found that the coxsackievirus from the deficient animals’ hearts had become mostly virulent7.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Intermediate_Nutrition_(Lindshield)/13%3A_Electrolyte_Micronutrients/13.06%3A_Hypertension_Salt-Sensitivity_and_the_DASH_DietThis has led to debate because it is quite possible that it is a very real issue whether salt-sensitive individuals can decrease their sodium intake (to concomitantly reduce their blood pressure) in a...This has led to debate because it is quite possible that it is a very real issue whether salt-sensitive individuals can decrease their sodium intake (to concomitantly reduce their blood pressure) in a food environment where there are extremely limited options that do not contain meaningful sodium levels.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Intermediate_Nutrition_(Lindshield)/04%3A_Macronutrient_Uptake_Absorption_and_TransportThe term absorption can have a number of different meanings. Not everything that is taken up into the enterocyte from the lumen will be absorbed, so the term uptake refers to compounds being transport...The term absorption can have a number of different meanings. Not everything that is taken up into the enterocyte from the lumen will be absorbed, so the term uptake refers to compounds being transported into the enterocyte. Absorption means that a compound is transported from the enterocyte into circulation. Under most circumstances, compounds that are taken up will then be absorbed. After this chapter, hopefully this distinction between these terms will be clear.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Kansas_State_University/FNDH_400%3A_Human_Nutrition_(Lindshield)/12%3A_Blood_Bones_and_Teeth_Micronutrients/12.03%3A_PhosphorusPhytate binds to other minerals and decreases our ability to absorb them (you have learned that it is an inhibitor of calcium uptake, you will learn about it binding other minerals in subsequent secti...Phytate binds to other minerals and decreases our ability to absorb them (you have learned that it is an inhibitor of calcium uptake, you will learn about it binding other minerals in subsequent sections). Libuda L, Alexy U, Remer T, Stehle P, Schoenau E, et al. (2008) Association between long-term consumption of soft drinks and variables of bone modeling and remodeling in a sample of healthy german children and adolescents.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Kansas_State_University/FNDH_400%3A_Human_Nutrition_(Lindshield)/13%3A_Electrolyte_Micronutrients/13.03%3A_ChlorideSodium's partner in salt, chloride, is the major extracellular anion. Almost all of the chloride we consume is from salt, and almost all chloride is absorbed. It is excreted in urine like sodium. Chlo...Sodium's partner in salt, chloride, is the major extracellular anion. Almost all of the chloride we consume is from salt, and almost all chloride is absorbed. It is excreted in urine like sodium. Chloride has the following functions1: Chloride deficiency is rare, but can occur because of severe diarrhea or vomiting. Chloride is not toxic (because we readily excrete it), but since it is a part of salt, it is recommended that we restrict our intake to avoid potential increases in blood pressure.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Kansas_State_University/FNDH_400%3A_Human_Nutrition_(Lindshield)/10%3A_Macronutrient_Metabolism_Micronutrients/10.08%3A_BiotinFigure \PageIndex5: Biotin is required for conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate in the oxaloacetate workaround of gluconeogenesis (like glycolysis in reverse with oxaloacetate workaround)7 The...Figure \PageIndex5: Biotin is required for conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate in the oxaloacetate workaround of gluconeogenesis (like glycolysis in reverse with oxaloacetate workaround)7 The Tale of 2 Mice describes how great an impact that the methylation status (whether it is methylated or unmethylated) of the agouti gene has on physical characteristics of genetically identical mice.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Kansas_State_University/FNDH_400%3A_Human_Nutrition_(Lindshield)/08%3A_Micronutrients_Overview_and_Dietary_Reference_Intakes_(DRIs)/8.01%3A_VitaminsThe water-soluble vitamins are vitamin C and the B vitamins, which are shown in the table below. Vitamins B4, B8, B10, and B11 were discovered and then abandoned (u...The water-soluble vitamins are vitamin C and the B vitamins, which are shown in the table below. Vitamins B4, B8, B10, and B11 were discovered and then abandoned (usually because it was realized that they were a compound that already existed) leaving us with the B vitamins shown in Table \PageIndex1. The following table lists the cofactors/coenzymes formed from B vitamins that will be discussed in more detail in the following subsections.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Kansas_State_University/FNDH_400%3A_Human_Nutrition_(Lindshield)/09%3A_Antioxidant_MicronutrientsThis chapter will describe what antioxidants are and then discuss the three major antioxidant micronutrients: vitamin E, vitamin C and selenium.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Kansas_State_University/FNDH_400%3A_Human_Nutrition_(Lindshield)/04%3A_Macronutrient_Uptake_Absorption_and_TransportThe term absorption can have a number of different meanings. Not everything that is taken up into the enterocyte from the lumen will be absorbed, so the term uptake refers to compounds being transport...The term absorption can have a number of different meanings. Not everything that is taken up into the enterocyte from the lumen will be absorbed, so the term uptake refers to compounds being transported into the enterocyte. Absorption means that a compound is transported from the enterocyte into circulation. Under most circumstances, compounds that are taken up will then be absorbed. After this chapter, hopefully this distinction between these terms will be clear.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Kansas_State_University/FNDH_400%3A_Human_Nutrition_(Lindshield)This text is used for an intermediate-level, nutrition course taught on campus every spring semester, and all 3 semesters (fall, spring, summer) online. Ideally on-campus students take the course duri...This text is used for an intermediate-level, nutrition course taught on campus every spring semester, and all 3 semesters (fall, spring, summer) online. Ideally on-campus students take the course during the spring semester of their sophomore year. Most on-campus students in the class are majoring in Nutritional Sciences, Nutrition and Health (previously Public Health Nutrition), Sports Nutrition, or Dietetics.
