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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Textbook_of_Cardiology/09%3A_Atherosclerosis/9.05%3A_Risk_Factors_of_Atherosclerosis_(incomplete)Recent evidence shows that physical activity of even a moderate degree can protect against coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality .The beneficial effects of physical exercise are a decrease of...Recent evidence shows that physical activity of even a moderate degree can protect against coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality .The beneficial effects of physical exercise are a decrease of triglyceride levels and blood pressure, elevation of HDL, enhancement of insulin sensitivity and production of NO by the endothelial cells, and of course weight loss.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Textbook_of_Cardiology/12%3A_Women's_Heart_Health/12.05%3A_Clinical_PresentationWomen more often present with complaints such as “tightness”, “out of breath” en “tiredness”. When women get older (>60 yrs) and the risk of obstructive coronary artery disease rises, the clinical pre...Women more often present with complaints such as “tightness”, “out of breath” en “tiredness”. When women get older (>60 yrs) and the risk of obstructive coronary artery disease rises, the clinical presentation becomes more typical (substernal pain, with radiation to jaw and/or left arm). Chest pain syndromes are more common in women then in men and are less related to the presence of atherosclerosis in the epicardial coronary arteries.[8]
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Textbook_of_Cardiology/12%3A_Women's_Heart_Health/12.01%3A_Facts_and_FiguresThe lower incidence of CVD in premenopausal women compared with men of similar age and the menopause associated increase in CVD have long suggested that estrogens underlie a protective effect on the c...The lower incidence of CVD in premenopausal women compared with men of similar age and the menopause associated increase in CVD have long suggested that estrogens underlie a protective effect on the cardiovascular system for women. It is known that estrogens improve the arterial wall response to injury and inhibit the development of atherosclerosis by promoting re-endotheliazation, inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation, and matrix deposition following vascular injury.[5]
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Textbook_of_Cardiology/06%3A_Valvular_Disease/6.09%3A_Tricuspid_RegurgitationFunctional tricuspid regurgitation results from distortion of the architecture and coordinated actions of the tricuspid leaflets, annulus, chords, papillary muscles, and right ventricular (RV) wall. T...Functional tricuspid regurgitation results from distortion of the architecture and coordinated actions of the tricuspid leaflets, annulus, chords, papillary muscles, and right ventricular (RV) wall. Treatment strategy for tricuspid regurgitation is dictated by the etiology and the underlying cause of the disease and the overall condition of the patient.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Textbook_of_Cardiology/03%3A_Heart_Failure/3.08%3A_Therapy_of_acute_heart_failure3-5 weeks 12.5mg three times daily. >7 weeks 25mg three times daily. 1 st week 25mg once daily. 3-5 weeks 50mg once daily. >7 weeks 7.5-10mg once daily. >7 weeks 5-7.5-10mg once daily. 1 st week 6.25m...3-5 weeks 12.5mg three times daily. >7 weeks 25mg three times daily. 1 st week 25mg once daily. 3-5 weeks 50mg once daily. >7 weeks 7.5-10mg once daily. >7 weeks 5-7.5-10mg once daily. 1 st week 6.25mg twice daily. 3-5 weeks 12.5mg twice daily. >7 weeks 25mg twice daily. 3-5 weeks 6.25mg twice daily. >7 weeks 12.5-25mg twice daily. 1 st week 2.5mg once daily. 3-5 weeks 5mg once daily. >7 weeks 10mg once daily. 1 st week potassium <5.0: 25mg once daily. 3rd week potassium <5.0: 25mg once daily.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Textbook_of_Cardiology/06%3A_Valvular_Disease/6.12%3A_ReferencesBonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC Jr, Faxon DP, Freed MD, Gaasch WH, Lytle BW, Nishimura RA, O'Gara PT, O'Rourke RA, Otto CM, Shah PM, Shanewise JS, 2006 Writing Committee Members., and...Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, de Leon AC Jr, Faxon DP, Freed MD, Gaasch WH, Lytle BW, Nishimura RA, O'Gara PT, O'Rourke RA, Otto CM, Shah PM, Shanewise JS, 2006 Writing Committee Members., and American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force.. 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guid…
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Textbook_of_Cardiology/12%3A_Women's_Heart_Health/12.09%3A_Case_2Patient is referred for a second opinion to the cardiologist with complaints of tiredness and chest pain. Patient, who runs every week 10 kilometers, complains that she noticed shortness of breath and...Patient is referred for a second opinion to the cardiologist with complaints of tiredness and chest pain. Patient, who runs every week 10 kilometers, complains that she noticed shortness of breath and tiredness during her weekly run which she describes as abnormal. She does however experience chest pain, which she describes as “heavy" feeling on the chest, when there is an abrupt change of temperature.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Textbook_of_Cardiology/11%3A_Congenital/11.01%3A_Septal_DefectsThis stuwing is augmented by another mechanism caused by the right ventricular volume overload; deviation of the ventricular septum to the left and the decrease in left ventricle preload because of th...This stuwing is augmented by another mechanism caused by the right ventricular volume overload; deviation of the ventricular septum to the left and the decrease in left ventricle preload because of the left to right shunt, lead to a decrease in stroke volume of the left ventricle. However it is important in terms of the frequency of involvement of the atrioventricular valves and the rate of spontaneous closure and additionally the relation to the AV pathway when considering surgical correction.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Textbook_of_Cardiology/00%3A_Front_Matter/02%3A_InfoPageThe LibreTexts libraries are Powered by NICE CXOne and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the Californi...The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by NICE CXOne and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Textbook_of_Cardiology/05%3A_Coronary_Disease/5.03%3A_Chronic_Coronary_DiseaseA healthy diet consists of high intake of fruit and vegetables, high fiber intake, a low glycemic index and load, unsaturated fat rather than saturated fat, a limited intake of red or processed meat a...A healthy diet consists of high intake of fruit and vegetables, high fiber intake, a low glycemic index and load, unsaturated fat rather than saturated fat, a limited intake of red or processed meat and intake of omega 3 fatty acids. [OR 0.70, PAR 13.7% for lack of daily consumption of fruits and vegetables] [4]
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Textbook_of_Cardiology/05%3A_Coronary_Disease/5.01%3A_Chest_Pain_Angina_PectorisFox K, Garcia MA, Ardissino D, Buszman P, Camici PG, Crea F, Daly C, De Backer G, Hjemdahl P, Lopez-Sendon J, Marco J, Morais J, Pepper J, Sechtem U, Simoons M, Thygesen K, Priori SG, Blanc JJ, Budaj ...Fox K, Garcia MA, Ardissino D, Buszman P, Camici PG, Crea F, Daly C, De Backer G, Hjemdahl P, Lopez-Sendon J, Marco J, Morais J, Pepper J, Sechtem U, Simoons M, Thygesen K, Priori SG, Blanc JJ, Budaj A, Camm J, Dean V, Deckers J, Dickstein K, Lekakis J, McGregor K, Metra M, Morais J, Osterspey A, Tamargo J, Zamorano JL, Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology., and ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG).. Guidelines on the management of …
