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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/19%3A_Riboflavin_(Chapter_20b)/19.02%3A_Biomarkers_of_riboflavin_status_(20b.2)This page discusses the challenges in diagnosing riboflavin deficiency, emphasizing the use of the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGR AC) for long-term status assessment. Howe...This page discusses the challenges in diagnosing riboflavin deficiency, emphasizing the use of the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGR AC) for long-term status assessment. However, sensitivity issues and variations in laboratory methods complicate prevalence comparisons. Riboflavin status is further explored through urinary excretion metrics, with different assays showing discrepancies.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/17%3A_Vitamin_C_(Chapater_19)/17.10%3A_Ascorbic_acid_in_erythrocytes_and_whole_blood_(19.10)This page discusses the limitations of using erythrocyte ascorbic acid concentrations to assess vitamin C status, noting that they are less sensitive to dietary intake compared to plasma concentration...This page discusses the limitations of using erythrocyte ascorbic acid concentrations to assess vitamin C status, noting that they are less sensitive to dietary intake compared to plasma concentrations. While useful for non-fasting individuals, variability and measurement challenges are present. Whole blood levels are also not commonly used for deficiency evaluation, with concentrations below 17 µmol/L indicating deficiency and above 28 µmol/L being acceptable.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/17%3A_Vitamin_C_(Chapater_19)/17.14%3A_Functional_tests_of_vitamin_C_status_(19.14)This page discusses the lack of reliable functional tests for assessing vitamin C status, pointing out that capillary fragility is not effective, while erythrocyte fragility is nonspecific. Proposed m...This page discusses the lack of reliable functional tests for assessing vitamin C status, pointing out that capillary fragility is not effective, while erythrocyte fragility is nonspecific. Proposed markers include collagen cross-linking and vitamin C-dependent epigenetic marks in leukocyte DNA. Preliminary studies indicate potential correlations between vitamin C status and epigenetic modifications, highlighting the need for further research.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/18%3A_Thiamine_(Chapter_20a)/18.01%3A_Thiamine_(20a.1)This page discusses thiamine (vitamin B1), its role in metabolism and cognitive health, and the impacts of its deficiency, including serious conditions like Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. It highlights ...This page discusses thiamine (vitamin B1), its role in metabolism and cognitive health, and the impacts of its deficiency, including serious conditions like Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. It highlights vulnerable groups, such as chronic alcoholics, and emphasizes the importance of thiamine-rich foods versus the lower levels found in processed grains. Historical and ongoing fortification efforts in several countries are noted, along with the effects of cooking on thiamine levels.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/16%3A_Vitamin_D_(Chapter_18b)/16.03%3A_Vitamin_D_deficiency_in_humans_(18b.3)This page discusses osteomalacia and rickets, both caused by severe vitamin D deficiency. Osteomalacia leads to weak bones and fractures, particularly in adults with limited sun exposure, while ricket...This page discusses osteomalacia and rickets, both caused by severe vitamin D deficiency. Osteomalacia leads to weak bones and fractures, particularly in adults with limited sun exposure, while rickets affects infants and children, causing bone deformities. Nutritional rickets can also arise in older children due to inadequate calcium intake. Treatment with vitamin D supplements is effective for both conditions, and supplementation is advised for infants to prevent deficiencies.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/21%3A_Folate_(Chapter_22a)/21.02%3A_Biomarkers_of_folate_status_(Chapter_22a.2)This page highlights the importance of assessing folate status through biomarkers like serum folate, RBC folate, and plasma homocysteine. It discusses the role of various analytical methods in measuri...This page highlights the importance of assessing folate status through biomarkers like serum folate, RBC folate, and plasma homocysteine. It discusses the role of various analytical methods in measuring folate, their challenges, and the significance of cutoff values in diagnosing deficiencies and neonatal risks for neural tube defects.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/27%3A_Copper_(Chapter_24b)/27.06%3A_Skin_lysyl_oxidase_(24b.5)This page discusses lysyl oxidase, a copper-dependent enzyme essential for collagen maturation and connective tissue health. Copper deficiency impairs its activity, causing skeletal and cardiac proble...This page discusses lysyl oxidase, a copper-dependent enzyme essential for collagen maturation and connective tissue health. Copper deficiency impairs its activity, causing skeletal and cardiac problems. A study showed that skin lysyl oxidase activity decreased in healthy males on a low copper diet but returned to normal after copper repletion.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/25%3A_Phosphorus_(Chapter_23b)/25.04%3A_Magnesium_deficiency_in_humansThis page discusses severe magnesium deficiency, which is rare and presents with symptoms such as muscle spasms and personality changes, often tied to health issues. It contrasts with chronic latent m...This page discusses severe magnesium deficiency, which is rare and presents with symptoms such as muscle spasms and personality changes, often tied to health issues. It contrasts with chronic latent magnesium deficiency (CLMD), resulting from long-term inadequate intake and linked to chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular and bone conditions.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/17%3A_Vitamin_C_(Chapater_19)/17.08%3A_Plasma_ascorbic_acid_(19.8)This page discusses the transport and measurement of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in plasma, emphasizing its role as a key indicator of vitamin C status influenced by various factors. It defines deficien...This page discusses the transport and measurement of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in plasma, emphasizing its role as a key indicator of vitamin C status influenced by various factors. It defines deficiency thresholds, noting that low-middle-income populations often exhibit inadequate levels. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommends plasma levels ≥ 50µmol/L for adequacy.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/27%3A_Copper_(Chapter_24b)/27.08%3A_Copper_chaperones_(24b.7)This page explores the role of copper in cells, highlighting the binding of copper to chaperones like ATX1 and the significance of CCS as an indicator of copper status linked to dietary intake. The CC...This page explores the role of copper in cells, highlighting the binding of copper to chaperones like ATX1 and the significance of CCS as an indicator of copper status linked to dietary intake. The CCS:SOD1 ratio is noted for its sensitivity in assessing copper levels. Additionally, research suggests that CCS maintains stable levels during inflammation, contrasting with ceruloplasmin, which may establish CCS as a reliable clinical copper marker.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Nutrition/Principles_of_Nutritional_Assessment_3e_(Gibson_et_al.)/13%3A_Biomarkers_(Chapter_15)This page explains nutritional biomarkers, which are indicators of health and responses to nutrition interventions, categorized into exposure, status, and function biomarkers. Exposure biomarkers anal...This page explains nutritional biomarkers, which are indicators of health and responses to nutrition interventions, categorized into exposure, status, and function biomarkers. Exposure biomarkers analyze food intake, status biomarkers measure nutrient levels, and functional biomarkers assess the impact of nutrient imbalances. While functional biomarkers can indicate subclinical deficiencies, they may lack specificity due to external influences.
