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- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/A_Guide_to_the_Principles_of_Animal_Nutrition_(Cherian)/01%3A_Chapters/1.03%3A_III._Carbohydrates_Structures_and_TypesOne method of classifying carbohydrates is based on the number of carbon atoms per each molecule of a carbohydrate and on the number of molecules of sugar in the compound. The suffix “ose” at the end ...One method of classifying carbohydrates is based on the number of carbon atoms per each molecule of a carbohydrate and on the number of molecules of sugar in the compound. The suffix “ose” at the end of a biochemical name flags the molecule as a “sugar.” Among these, pentoses (e.g., ribose in ribonucleic acid (RNA)) and hexoses (e.g., glucose, or blood sugar) are the most common sugars in animal tissues.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals_(Lawson)/03%3A_The_Cell/3.16%3A_Diffusion_and_Osmosis_Worksheet_2_Answerse) When red blood cells are placed in distilled water: the water enters the cells f) Red blood cells placed in a 0.9% salt solution would: stay the same i) Red blood cells placed in a 2.0% salt soluti...e) When red blood cells are placed in distilled water: the water enters the cells f) Red blood cells placed in a 0.9% salt solution would: stay the same i) Red blood cells placed in a 2.0% salt solution are in a:hypertonic solution. j) A dialysis bag (made of an artificial semi-permeable membrane) filled with 0.5% salt solution and placed in a beaker containing 3.0% salt solution will: shrink. A few dried apricots are placed in the three bottles and left in the solutions for an hour.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/03%3A_The_Central_Nervous_System/3.02%3A_IntroductionThis page discusses the central nervous system (CNS), highlighting its reliance on a continuous blood supply for energy due to neurons' inability to store glucose. It emphasizes the importance of oxyg...This page discusses the central nervous system (CNS), highlighting its reliance on a continuous blood supply for energy due to neurons' inability to store glucose. It emphasizes the importance of oxygen for the CNS's function and notes the cardiovascular system's reflexive response to maintain blood flow to the brain in the event of an oxygen deficiency.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals_(Lawson)/12%3A_Urinary_System/12.11%3A_Abnormal_Ingredients_Of_UrineIf the body is not working properly, small amounts of substances not normally present may be found in the urine or substances normally present may appear in abnormal amounts. This indicates that the r...If the body is not working properly, small amounts of substances not normally present may be found in the urine or substances normally present may appear in abnormal amounts. This indicates that the red blood cells in the blood have haemolysed (the membrane has broken down) and the haemoglobin has passed into the kidney tubules. The presence of white blood cells in the urine indicates there is an infection in the kidney or urinary tract.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals_(Lawson)/16%3A_Endocrine_System/16.11%3A_SummaryThe main endocrine glands in the body are the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands, the pancreas, ovaries and testes. The parathyroid glands situated adjacent to th...The main endocrine glands in the body are the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands, the pancreas, ovaries and testes. The parathyroid glands situated adjacent to the thyroid glands in the neck produce parathormone that regulates blood calcium levels and the excretion of phosphates. The follicle cells of the developing ova produce oestrogen, which controls the development of the mammary glands and prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals_(Lawson)/12%3A_Urinary_System/12.15%3A_Excretory_System_WorksheetThe action of the hormone insulin to keep the level of glucose in the blood within a narrow range The part of the kidney that collects the urine before it passes down the ureter Indicate whether these...The action of the hormone insulin to keep the level of glucose in the blood within a narrow range The part of the kidney that collects the urine before it passes down the ureter Indicate whether these parts of the kidney tubule are found in the cortex "C" or the medulla "M" of the kidney. Circle the substances in the list below that are NOT found in the fluid that has filtered through into the Bowman’s capsule of a healthy animal?
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/01%3A_Cell_Physiology/1.05%3A_The_Cytoplasm_and_Cellular_Organelles/1.5.04%3A_MitochondriaThis page explains that mitochondria are oval structures functioning as the cell's powerhouses by generating ATP through cellular respiration. They have an outer membrane for structural integrity and ...This page explains that mitochondria are oval structures functioning as the cell's powerhouses by generating ATP through cellular respiration. They have an outer membrane for structural integrity and inner folds called cristae containing essential proteins and enzymes for metabolic processes. Cells with high energy demands, like muscles and neurons, contain more mitochondria, whereas bone cells have fewer. Importantly, mitochondria also carry their own genetic material.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/01%3A_Cell_Physiology/1.03%3A_Membrane_TransportThis page explains the cell membrane's selective permeability, crucial for managing ion, nutrient, and waste concentrations. Small nonpolar substances pass through the lipid bilayer easily, while wate...This page explains the cell membrane's selective permeability, crucial for managing ion, nutrient, and waste concentrations. Small nonpolar substances pass through the lipid bilayer easily, while water-soluble molecules need transporter proteins. It outlines transport methods: passive transport (no energy) and active transport (requires ATP), and notes that a deeper dive into membrane proteins will follow before discussing these transport processes in detail.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals_(Lawson)/09%3A_Respiratory_System/9.01%3A_OverviewThe way the digestive system provides the glucose for cellular respiration will be described in Chapter 11 ("The Gut and Digestion"), but here we are only concerned with the two gases, oxygen and carb...The way the digestive system provides the glucose for cellular respiration will be described in Chapter 11 ("The Gut and Digestion"), but here we are only concerned with the two gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide, that are involved in cellular respiration. In fish gas exchange occurs in the gills, in land dwelling vertebrates lungs are the gas exchange organs and frogs use gills when they are tadpoles and lungs, the mouth and the skin when adults.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Southern_Illinois_University_Edwardsville/Essentials_of_Physiology_for_Nurse_Anesthetists_I_(Gopalan)/07%3A_Endocrine_Physiology/7.16%3A_The_Endocrine_PancreasThis page discusses the pancreas, highlighting its dual role as an exocrine and endocrine organ, composed mainly of pancreatic acini and islets of Langerhans. It outlines the functions of key hormones...This page discusses the pancreas, highlighting its dual role as an exocrine and endocrine organ, composed mainly of pancreatic acini and islets of Langerhans. It outlines the functions of key hormones insulin and glucagon in regulating blood sugar levels: insulin promotes glucose uptake and inhibits production when sugar levels rise, while glucagon stimulates glucose release when levels drop.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Veterinary_Medicine/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals_(Lawson)/16%3A_Endocrine_System/16.08%3A_The_PancreasIn most animals the pancreas is an oblong, pinkish organ that lies in the first bend of the small intestine (see diagram 16.7). The endocrine part of the organ consists of small clusters of cells (cal...In most animals the pancreas is an oblong, pinkish organ that lies in the first bend of the small intestine (see diagram 16.7). The endocrine part of the organ consists of small clusters of cells (called Islets of Langerhans) that secrete the hormone insulin. This hormone regulates the amount of glucose in the blood by increasing the rate at which glucose is converted to glycogen in the liver and the movement of glucose from the blood into cells.
