6: X-ray
- Page ID
- 153939
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)ANSI/ASNT CP-105- 2016 Section 2, 3
Upon completion of this unit, the student will be able to define and understand the following:
- Review of Units 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
- ALARA
- Math Review
- Permissible exposure limits
- Radioisotopes
- X-ray
- KV
- mA
- Time
- Shielding
- HVL (Half -Value Layer) formula
Learning Activities:
- Lecture and discussion
- X-ray cabinet and controls tour
- HVL Math Worksheets
Learning Resources:
- X-ray Handout
- HVL Formula and online help
- Glossary
Evaluation:
- Unit 6 Worksheet
- Quiz #6
- 6.1: X-ray Tube and Process
- This page discusses X-rays, discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895, as a type of ionizing radiation produced in vacuum tubes using high-voltage electricity. It highlights the ability of X-ray photons to penetrate materials, with their absorption depending on density, thus requiring lead and concrete shielding. The page also mentions the techniques used by industrial radiographers involving kV and mA settings for imaging.
- 6.2: Review Worksheet
- This page highlights principles of radiation protection, focusing on X-ray tubes. It covers the inverse square law, explaining how radiation intensity decreases with distance. The effectiveness of shielding materials is discussed, emphasizing density and atomic structure. Practical examples illustrate exposure calculations related to distance and intensity, alongside methods for determining the half-value layer (HVL) of materials to minimize radiation exposure.
- 6.3: Quiz
- This page provides an overview of radiation measurements, types, and safety for radiographers, covering key concepts like Roentgen and its subunits, Curies for radioactive material, and ionizing versus non-ionizing radiation. It includes important calculations for half-value layers and radiation intensity at different distances, focusing on safe public exposure dosages. Additionally, it distinguishes between gamma radiation and X-rays and explains the behavior of radioactive atoms.
- 6.4: Glossary
- This page covers fundamental concepts in non-destructive testing (NDT) and particle physics, including types of radiated energy and their interactions with matter. It defines key terms such as absorption, bremsstrahlung, Compton scattering, and ionizing radiation, along with critical terms related to radiation intensity and penetration like half-value layer (HVL), kilovoltage (KV), and milliamperes (mA).