10.14: Review Questions
- Page ID
- 69523
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Muscle that has a striped appearance is described as being ________.
- elastic
- nonstriated
- excitable
- striated
Which element is important in directly triggering contraction?
- sodium (Na+)
- calcium (Ca++)
- potassium (K+)
- chloride (Cl-)
Which of the following properties is not common to all three muscle tissues?
- excitability
- the need for ATP
- at rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-binding sites
- elasticity
The correct order for the smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue is ________.
- fascicle, filament, muscle fiber, myofibril
- filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle
- muscle fiber, fascicle, filament, myofibril
- myofibril, muscle fiber, filament, fascicle
Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________.
- the inside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate
- the outside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate
- the inside of the membrane has become more negative as sodium ions accumulate
- the sarcolemma has completely lost any electrical charge
In relaxed muscle, the myosin-binding site on actin is blocked by ________.
- titin
- troponin
- myoglobin
- tropomyosin
According to the sliding filament model, binding sites on actin open when ________.
- creatine phosphate levels rise
- ATP levels rise
- acetylcholine levels rise
- calcium ion levels rise
The cell membrane of a muscle fiber is called ________.
- myofibril
- sarcolemma
- sarcoplasm
- myofilament
Muscle relaxation occurs when ________.
- calcium ions are actively transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- calcium ions diffuse out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
- calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
During muscle contraction, the cross-bridge detaches when ________.
- the myosin head binds to an ADP molecule
- the myosin head binds to an ATP molecule
- calcium ions bind to troponin
- calcium ions bind to actin
Thin and thick filaments are organized into functional units called ________.
- myofibrils
- myofilaments
- T-tubules
- sarcomeres
During which phase of a twitch in a muscle fiber is tension the greatest?
- resting phase
- repolarization phase
- contraction phase
- relaxation phase
Muscle fatigue is caused by ________.
- buildup of ATP and lactic acid levels
- exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of lactic acid levels
- buildup of ATP and pyruvic acid levels
- exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of pyruvic acid levels
A sprinter would experience muscle fatigue sooner than a marathon runner due to ________.
- anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter
- anaerobic metabolism in the muscles of the marathon runner
- aerobic metabolism in the muscles of the sprinter
- glycolysis in the muscles of the marathon runner
What aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to supply energy to muscles?
- ATPase activity
- phosphate bonds
- carbon bonds
- hydrogen bonds
Drug X blocks ATP regeneration from ADP and phosphate. How will muscle cells respond to this drug?
- by absorbing ATP from the bloodstream
- by using ADP as an energy source
- by using glycogen as an energy source
- none of the above
The muscles of a professional sprinter are most likely to have ________.
- 80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
- 20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
- 50 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 50 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
- 40 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 60 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
The muscles of a professional marathon runner are most likely to have ________.
- 80 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 20 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
- 20 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 80 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
- 50 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 50 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
- 40 percent fast-twitch muscle fibers and 60 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers
Which of the following statements is true?
- Fast fibers have a small diameter.
- Fast fibers contain loosely packed myofibrils.
- Fast fibers have large glycogen reserves.
- Fast fibers have many mitochondria.
Which of the following statements is false?
- Slow fibers have a small network of capillaries.
- Slow fibers contain the pigment myoglobin.
- Slow fibers contain a large number of mitochondria.
- Slow fibers contract for extended periods.
Cardiac muscles differ from skeletal muscles in that they ________.
- are striated
- utilize aerobic metabolism
- contain myofibrils
- contain intercalated discs
If cardiac muscle cells were prevented from undergoing aerobic metabolism, they ultimately would ________.
- undergo glycolysis
- synthesize ATP
- stop contracting
- start contracting
Smooth muscles differ from skeletal and cardiac muscles in that they ________.
- lack myofibrils
- are under voluntary control
- lack myosin
- lack actin
Which of the following statements describes smooth muscle cells?
- They are resistant to fatigue.
- They have a rapid onset of contractions.
- They cannot exhibit tetanus.
- They primarily use anaerobic metabolism.
From which embryonic cell type does muscle tissue develop?
- ganglion cells
- myotube cells
- myoblast cells
- satellite cells
Which cell type helps to repair injured muscle fibers?
- ganglion cells
- myotube cells
- myoblast cells
- satellite cells