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7: Medications

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    150562

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    Learning Objectives

    By the end of this chapter, you will be able to

    1. Define the terms prescription, narcotic, and over-the-counter medication
    2. Identify routes of medication administration
    3. Define the terms brand and generic as they pertain to drug names
    4. Describe the difference between inactive and active ingredients in medications
    5. Identify alternative medicines and possible interactions these may have with prescription medications
    6. Define a drug monograph and its components
    7. Identify common forms and uses for intravenous fluids
    8. List the rights and responsibilities of medication administration
    9. Describe the different medication classifications and provide reasons that a patient would be taking medications within these classifications

    Medications are taken everyday by many patients in hospitals and many people in the course of their daily lives. They can be taken to relieve acute symptoms such as a headache or nausea, or for chronic conditions such as cardiac, endocrine, or respiratory pathologies. The fact that they are so commonplace in our world today emphasizes the importance of certain considerations that need to be addressed before any medication is given to a patient or a member of the general population.

    Certain factors, which could include a patient’s age, overall health, sex, or chronic conditions, will greatly impact the way a medication affects a person’s body. For example, medications taken by a 40-year-old man would have a substantially different effect than if the same medications were taken by a 95-year-old or even a five-year-old. As such, it is very important to understand these factors and their effects when a certain medication is prescribed to a patient.

    Many of the earliest known medications, such as digitalis, were extracted from plants, and others, such as aspirin, were chemically related to the willow tree (Turley, 2016). Using plant extracts had some disadvantages because there were variable levels of potency and the extracts could also contain other substances that had unwanted actions in the human body. As a result, the production of medications is now performed under strict guidelines to ensure that there is consistency among medications prescribed or taken over the counter.

    This chapter will introduce you to some basic considerations that you should be aware of when it comes to medications, and then an overview of common medication classifications will be discussed.

    • 7.1: Basics of Medications
      This page discusses the different categories of medications such as prescription, controlled, OTC, and herbal drugs. It highlights the importance of drug monographs, safe handling of controlled substances, and the potential side effects of OTC and herbal medications. There is a focus on understanding active versus inactive ingredients, as well as the differences between brand and generic names.
    • 7.2: Medication Routes and Forms
      This page outlines different routes for medication administration, such as oral, sublingual, enteral, inhalation, parenteral, rectal, vaginal, drops, topical, and transdermal. It details the specific applications, advantages, and limitations of each method based on patient needs and medication characteristics. Examples and scenarios illustrate the significance of choosing the right administration route, along with a focus on the differences between local and systemic effects of medications.
    • 7.3: Intravenous (IV) Medications and Solutions
      This page provides an overview of intravenous (IV) solutions and their medical applications, including fluid replacement, medication delivery, and electrolyte management. It explains different IV delivery methods such as primary infusion and bolus, and details common IV solutions like normal saline and dextrose in various concentrations. The page also notes that IV bag sizes range from 25 cc to 1000 cc according to their specific purposes.
    • 7.4: Medication Categories
      This page categorizes a wide range of medications based on their therapeutic purposes, including analgesics, anesthetics, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antiemetics, and cardiovascular drugs. It outlines the specific roles of various drug classes such as diuretics, antihypertensives, and gastrointestinal medications. The importance of early hypertension treatment, diabetes complexities, and the impact of sleep on health are emphasized.
    • 7.5: Review Exercises

    Attribution

    Unless otherwise indicated, material on this page has been adapted from the following resource:

    Ernstmeyer, K., & Christman, E. (Eds.). (2020). Nursing pharmacology. Chippewa Valley Technical College. https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/pharmacology/ licensed under CC BY 4.0

    References

    Turley, S. M. (2016). Understanding pharmacology for health professionals (5th ed.). Pearson Education.

    This page titled 7: Medications is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Lisa Sturdy and Susanne Erickson via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.