1.2: 1.2：Other Relevant Parts of the History
- Page ID
- 15561
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Neurological history
Women should be questioned regarding symptoms of limb weakness and sensory fallout. Any history of multiple sclerosis, parkinsonism, spinal cord injury, stroke or spina bifida should also be recorded.
Medications
A note should be made of medications that may be worsening the symptoms, including diuretics and alpha –blockers.
Medical History
Diabetes Mellitis and Insipidus are usually associated with polyuria. Cardiac failure can present with nocturia as a result of the redistribution of fluid when the patient is lying down.
Fluid Intake
The amount and type of fluid consumed on a daily basis should be recorded. Caffeine and alcohol can exacerbate symptoms of overactive bladder significantly and these products in particular should be enquired about.
Obstetric History
The number and type of deliveries are important as well as any history of perineal or anal sphincter injury.
Surgical History
Previous pelvic surgery, including prolapse and incontinence surgery, should be noted.
Causes of Incontinence
Table \(\PageIndex{1.2.1}\): Causes of Incontinence
|
1. |
Stress Incontinence |
|
Sphincter Dysfunction |
|
|
Abnormal Bladder neck support |
|
|
2. |
Detrusor Overactivity |
|
Idiopathic |
|
|
Neurogenic |
|
|
3. |
Mixed incontinence |
|
4. |
Overflow Incontinence |
|
5. |
Functional Incontinence |
|
Confusion |
|
|
Dementia |
|
|
6. |
Pharmacologic |
|
7. |
True incontinence |
|
Fistulae |
|
|
8. |
Transient Incontinence |
|
UTI |
|
|
Restricted Mobility |
|
|
Constipation |
|
|
Atrophic Urethritis |
|
|
9. |
Congenital Abnormalities |
|
I0. |
Excessive urine production |
|
Diabetes Mellitis and Insipidus |
|
|
Diuretics |
|
|
Cardiac failure |
Adapted from Textbook of Female Urology and Urogynaecology Eds Cardozo and Staskin.