Skip to main content
-
active transport
-
involves moving solutes and ions across a cell membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
-
anasarca
-
severe and generalized
edema
throughout the body
-
BUN to creatinine ratio
-
a comparison of BUN to creatinine to determine if alterations in BUN and creatinine are related to changes in fluid volume or kidney filtration
-
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)
-
a urinary tract infection that develops directly related to the presence of an IUC
-
dialysis
-
procedure to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys cannot
-
diffusion
-
the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration to equalize the concentration of solutes throughout an area
-
edema
-
swelling caused by excessive buildup of fluid in tissue spaces or a body cavity
-
enophthalmos
-
sunken eyes
-
extracellular fluid (ECF)
-
fluid located outside of cells
-
filtration
-
occurs when
hydrostatic pressure
pushes fluids and solutes through a permeable membrane so they can be excreted
-
fluid balance
-
the difference between intake and output
-
fluid volume deficit (FVD)
-
results from a loss of body fluids or fluid that becomes unavailable in the body for use
-
fluid volume excess (FVE)
-
increased fluid retained in the intravascular compartment
-
functional urinary incontinence
-
the inability to access a toilet due to physical or cognitive challenges
-
homeostasis
-
the maintenance of equilibrium of two or more interdependent elements
-
hypercalcemia
-
serum calcium level >10.5 mg/dL
-
hyperchloremia
-
serum chloride level >105 mEq/L
-
hyperkalemia
-
serum potassium level > 5.1 mEq/L
-
hypermagnesemia
-
magnesium level >2.2 mg/dL
-
hyperphosphatemia
-
phosphate level >4.8 mg/dL
-
hypertonic solution
-
has a higher concentration of dissolved particles than does blood
-
hypervolemia
-
excessive fluid volume
-
hypocalcemia
-
total serum calcium level <8.5 mg/dL or an ionized calcium level <4.6 mg/dL
-
hypochloremia
-
serum chloride level <97 mEq/L
-
hypokalemia
-
serum potassium level <3.7 mEq/L
-
hypomagnesemia
-
serum magnesium level <1.7 mg/dL
-
hyponatremia
-
serum sodium level of <136 mEq/L
-
hypophosphatemia
-
serum phosphate level <2.5 mg/dL.
-
hypotonic hyponatremia
-
serum sodium level is decreased due to dilution
-
hypotonic solution
-
has a lower concentration of dissolved solutes than does blood
-
hypovolemia
-
deficient fluid volume
-
indwelling urinary catheter (IUC)
-
a urinary catheter that stays in the bladder for a time
-
intermittent catheterization
-
used for the temporary relief of urinary retention
-
interstitial fluid
-
fluid outside of blood vessels and between the cells
-
intracellular fluid (ICF)
-
found inside cells; comprise protein, water, electrolytes, and solutes
-
intravascular fluid
-
fluid in the vascular system
-
isotonic solution
-
has a similar concentration of dissolved particles as blood
-
mixed urinary incontinence
-
two or more types of urinary incontinence that occur in the same individual
-
oncotic pressure
-
pressure inside the vascular compartment created by protein content of the blood (in the form of albumin) that holds water inside the blood vessels
-
orthostatic vital signs (also known as postural vital signs)
-
assessing a patient’s blood pressure when the patient is lying supine and comparing it to the patient’s blood pressure when either sitting upright or standing upright
-
osmolality
-
a measure of the concentration of dissolved solutes in the blood
-
osmosis
-
water movement through a semipermeable membrane, from an area of lesser
solute
concentration to an area of greater solute concentration, in an attempt to equalize the solute concentrations on either side of the membrane
-
overflow incontinence
-
when bladder contraction fails to fully empty the bladder and urine leaks due to the high pressure from urine retention
-
peritoneal dialysis
-
uses the capillaries in the peritoneal cavity to exchange waste products
-
post-void residual (PVD)
-
determined by assessing the amount of urine that remains in the bladder immediately after the patient attempts to empty their bladder
-
skin turgor
-
the elasticity of the skin assessed by pinching the skin into a tent shape and assessing how quickly the skin returns to its normal position
-
solute
-
soluble particle
-
stress incontinence
-
urine leakage during times of increased intrabdominal pressure
-
third spacing
-
type of hypovolemia in which total body fluid may be adequate or even excessive, but fluid has moved out of the intravascular space and into the interstitial space
-
tonicity
-
the osmotic gradient between two solutions
-
transcellular fluid
-
fluid in cerebrospinal, synovial, and intrapleural areas, for example, and the gastrointestinal system
-
urge incontinence
-
an overactive bladder that contracts and causes urine leakage when the bladder is not full
-
urinary incontinence (UI)
-
unintentional and uncontrollable urine leakage
-
urine specific gravity
-
a urine test that commonly measures hydration status by measuring the concentration of particles in urine