20.7: References
- Page ID
- 110400
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\dsum}{\displaystyle\sum\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dint}{\displaystyle\int\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dlim}{\displaystyle\lim\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Allen, M. J., & Sharma, S. (2023). Magnesium. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519036
Barker, N., & VonColln-Appling, C. (2023). Red light, green light electrolyte. Nurse Educator, 48(1), E16. doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000001250
Brinkman, J. E., & Sharma, S. (2023). Physiology, body fluids. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482447/
Brinkman, J. E., & Sharma, S. (2023). Physiology, metabolic alkalosis. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482291/
Burdeu, G., Lowe, G., Rasmussen, B., & Considine, J. (2020). Clinical cues used by nurses to recognize changes in patients’ clinical states: A systematic review. Nursing & Health Sciences, 23(1), 9–28. doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12778
Burger, M., & Schaller, D. J. (2023). Metabolic acidosis. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482146/
Castro, D., & Keenaghan, M. (2024). Arterial blood gas. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536919/
Chen, I., & Lui, F. (2023). Physiology, active transport. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547718/
Chen, J. S., & Al Khalili, Y. (2023). Physiology, osmoregulation and excretion. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541108/
Cleveland Clinic. (2022, May 10). Hypokalemia. my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...od-hypokalemia
Davies, E. A., Saleh, C., & Bannard-Smith, J. (2019). Recovery from profound acidosis (pH 6.685) in multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 175114371987010. doi.org/10.1177/1751143719870102
Déry, J., Ruiz, A., Routhier, F., Gagnon, M.-P., Côté, A., Ait-Kadi, D., Bélanger, V., Deslauriers, S., & Lamontagne, M.-E. (2019). Patient prioritization tools and their effectiveness in non-emergency healthcare services: A systematic review protocol. Systematic Reviews, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-0992-x
Drake, T. M., & Gupta, V. (2024). Calcium. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557683
Hopkins, E., Sharma, S., & Sanvictores, T. (2022). Physiology, acid base balance. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507807/
Imenez Silva, P. H., & Mohebbi, N. (2022). Kidney metabolism and acid-base control: Back to the basics. European Journal of Physiology, 474(8), 919–934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-022-02696-6
Ito, N., Hidaka, N., & Kato, H. (2024). The pathophysiology of hypophosphatemia. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 38(2), 101851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2023.101851
Kulakaç, N., Uzun, S., & Sayılan, A. A. (2022). The relationship between the use of complementary and alternative medicine in cardiovascular diseases with self-care ability and life quality. Cyprus Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(4), 513–519. https://doi.org/10.4274/cjms.2021.3216
Lewis, J. L. (2023, July). Overview of acid-base balance. MSD Manual Consumer Version. https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-kr/hom...d-base-balance
Lewis, J. L. (2023, September). Overview of phosphate’s role in the body—Hormonal and metabolic disorders. MSD Manual Consumer Version. https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/horm...le-in-the-body
Li, S., Xiao, X., & Zhang, X. (2023). Hydration status in older adults: Current knowledge and future challenges. Nutrients, 15(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112609
Lopez, M. J., & Hall, C. A. (2023). Physiology, osmosis. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32491541/
Masot, O., Lavedán, A., Nuin, C., Escobar-Bravo, M. A., Miranda, J., & Botigué, T. (2018). Risk factors associated with dehydration in older people living in nursing homes: Scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 82(82), 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.03.020
Merrill, A. E., & Chambliss, A. B. (2020) Water and electrolyte balance. In W. Clarke & M.A. Marzinke (Eds.), Contemporary practice in clinical chemistry (4th ed., pp 651-663). Elsevier, an imprint of Academic Press.
Mount, D. B. (2024). Potassium balance in acid-base disorders. Up-to-Date. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/po...base-disorders
Moustafa, M., Sawaya, R. D., Lakissian, Z., & Sharara-Chami, R. (2022). The association between initial serum bicarbonate levels and the management of dehydrated children in the emergency department: A retrospective review. Pediatric Emergency Care, 38(7), e1396–e1401. doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000002570
Omerovic, S., & M Das, J. (2023). Chvostek sign. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542326/
Patel, M., & Hu, E. W. (2023). Trousseau sign. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557832/
Patel, S., & Sharma, S. (2023). Respiratory acidosis. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482430/
Patricia, J. J., & Dhamoon, A. S. (2022). Physiology, digestion. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544242/
Pias, S. C. (2021). How does oxygen diffuse from capillaries to tissue mitochondria? Barriers and pathways. The Journal of Physiology, 599(6), 1769–1782. doi.org/10.1113/JP278815
Pirahanchi, Y., & Aeddula, N. R. (2023). Physiology, sodium potassium pump (Na+ K+ pump). In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537088/
Quade, B. N., Parker, M. D., & Occhipinti, R. (2021). The therapeutic importance of acid-base balance. Biochemical Pharmacology, 183, 114278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114278
Rørtveit, K., Saetre Hansen, B., Joa, I., Lode, K., & Severinsson, E. (2020). Qualitative evaluation in nursing interventions—A review of the literature. Nursing Open, 7(5), 1285–1298. doi.org/10.1002/nop2.519
Ryan, B. A., & Kovacs, C. S. (2020). Calciotropic and phosphotropic hormones in fetal and neonatal bone development. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 25(1), N.PAG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.siny.2019.101062
Sharma, S., Hashmi, M. F., & Castro, D. (2024). Hypophosphatemia. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493172
Shrimanker, I., & Bhattarai, S. (2023). Electrolytes. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541123/
Signorelli, G. C., Bianchetti, M. G., Jermini, L. M. M., Agostoni, C., Milani, G. P., Simonetti, G. D., & Lava, S. A. G. (2020). Dietary chloride deficiency syndrome: Pathophysiology, history, and systematic literature review. Nutrients, 12(11), 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113436
Simpson, D., & Mcintosh, R. (2021). Measuring and monitoring fluid balance. British Journal of Nursing. https://www.britishjournalofnursing....fluid-balance/
Singh Gill, R. (2019, June 6). Respiratory alkalosis: Background, pathophysiology, epidemiology. Medscape.com. emedicine.medscape.com/artic...01680-overview
Song, K., Yang, T., & Gao, W. (2022). Association of hyperchloremia with all-cause mortality in patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Anesthesiology, 22(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-021-01558-5
Sur, M., & Mohiuddin, S. S. (2022). Potassium. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30969613/
Tinawi, M. (2021). Pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of metabolic alkalosis. Cureus, 13(1), e12841. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.12841
Tobias, A., Ballard, B. D., & Mohiuddin, S. S. (2022). Physiology, water balance. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541059
Toney-Butler, T. J., & Unison-Pace, W. J. (2022). Nursing admission assessment and examination. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493211/
Vega, R. M., & Avva, U. (2024). Pediatric dehydration. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK436022
Workeneh, B. T., Meena, P., Christ-Crain, M., & Rondon-Berrios, H. (2023, March). Hyponatremia demystified: Integrating physiology to shape clinical practice. Advances in Kidney Disease and Health, 30(2) 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.akdh.2022.11.004
Wu, F., Lan, Q., & Yan, L. (2023). Prognostic impact of serum chloride concentrations in acute heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 71, 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2023.05.035


