9: Management of Chronic Illness
- Page ID
- 111152
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 9.0: Introduction
- The page discusses a case of a 57-year-old female patient, Mia, who has been using a wheelchair since age 10 due to musculoskeletal trauma and recently diagnosed with a seizure disorder. To aid her condition, she now uses a service dog trained to detect seizures. The narrative emphasizes the importance of nurses being prepared to care for patients with chronic illnesses, acknowledging that such conditions are widespread and affect diverse populations.
- 9.1: Chronic Disease and Illness (Prevalence and Etiology)
- This page discusses chronic diseases, defined as long-term health problems requiring ongoing attention, and their significant impact on the U.S. population and healthcare costs. Chronic illness refers to the experience of living with such diseases, affecting patients' quality of life.
- 9.2: Comorbid Chronic Diseases
- This section explores the concept of comorbidity, which is the presence of two or more medical conditions simultaneously. It discusses the financial impacts associated with comorbid chronic diseases, which significantly contribute to health care costs and burden. The section also reviews health care coverage options for individuals with comorbid chronic diseases, focusing on Medicare and Medicaid.
- 9.3: Chronic Illness and Disability
- This section outlines learning objectives related to understanding disability, including identifying common diseases, analyzing chronic effects on wellness, and examining legal and ethical considerations for equitable care. Disabilities often arise from chronic illnesses and can impact physical abilities, emotional and mental health, and financial and social well-being.
- 9.4: Access and Barriers to Health Care
- The text outlines the challenges faced by individuals with disabilities or chronic illnesses in accessing healthcare services, emphasizing barriers such as financial, geographic, and social factors. It highlights the impact of employment, transportation, and residence on healthcare access, with additional focus on home care services and the criteria for receiving such care.
- 9.5: Prevention of Chronic Disease
- The section discusses strategies for preventing and managing chronic diseases through modifiable lifestyle practices and health screenings. It categorizes prevention into primary (e.g., healthy eating, exercise, smoking cessation), secondary (e.g., regular screenings for early disease detection), and tertiary (e.g., therapies and symptom management) levels.
- 9.6: The Chronic Care Model
- The page provides an overview of the Chronic Care Model, which is designed to improve management and prevention of chronic diseases. It highlights the key components: self-management support, delivery system design, decision support, and clinical information systems. The model emphasizes the importance of health care organizations and community involvement in promoting proactive prevention and management.
- 9.7: Care of the Chronically Ill Patient
- This section focuses on nursing care for patients with chronic illnesses, highlighting the complexity and patient-centered approach required due to the acuity changes of chronic diseases. It covers subjective assessments, interprofessional collaboration, recognizing and analyzing cues, prioritizing hypotheses, generating solutions, taking action, and evaluating outcomes.
- 9.8: Summary
- This page discusses chronic diseases, their prevalence, and their impact, noting that they affect much of the U.S. population and are major causes of death and disability. It covers the concept of comorbidity, chronic illness-related disabilities, and the importance of tailored, patient-centered care by health professionals. It addresses barriers to healthcare for those with disabilities and emphasizes the role of prevention strategies and the Chronic Care Model in managing chronic diseases.
- 9.9: Key Terms
- This page provides definitions of terms related to healthcare and diseases. It covers acute diseases, acute exacerbation, chronic diseases, chronic illness, and the Chronic Care Model. It also defines comorbidity, disability, discrimination, disease burden, and polypharmacy, explaining the implications of these conditions and concepts in healthcare and their effects on individuals and societies.
- 9.11: References
- The document appears to be a list of references on various topics, including chronic care, patient self-management, preventive services, cancer screening guidelines, chronic conditions prevalence, disability, nutrition, interdisciplinary care, veteran care, and health-related surveys. These sources provide information on health research, screenings, disease prevention, healthcare programs, and public health studies.