Skip to main content
Medicine LibreTexts

22.8: References

  • Page ID
    111494
  • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)

    Administration for Strategic Preparedness & Response. (n.d.). What are the possible treatment options for COVID-19? aspr.hhs.gov/COVID-19/Treatm...r-COVID19.aspx

    American Academy of Dermatology Association. (n.d.). Herpes simplex: Signs and symptoms. https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/...mplex-symptoms

    American Lung Association. (2023, December 8). RSV in adults. https://www.lung.org/lung-health-dis.../rsv-in-adults

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021, August 26). Who gets fungal infections? www.cdc.gov/fungal/infections/index.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022a). Chain of infection components. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/learning/s...odule-2/3.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022b, June 9). HIV testing. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/index.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022c, June 30). About HIV. www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022d, October 5). How antimicrobial resistance happens. www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/a...e-happens.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023a, March 9). Hepatitis B. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/index.htm

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023b, December 7). What is C. diff? www.cdc.gov/cdiff/what-is.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024a). Hepatitis A. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/index.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024b). Hepatitis C. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-c/index.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024c, January 24). Symptoms of COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019.../symptoms.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024d, April). Core elements of antibiotic stewardship. https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/h...nts/index.html

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024e, July 11). Long COVID basics. https://www.cdc.gov/covid/long-term-effects/

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024f, August 30). Benefits of getting vaccinated. https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/benefits.html

    Cleveland Clinic. (2023a, January 5). Thrush. my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...s/10956-thrush

    Cleveland Clinic. (2023b, May 10). C. diff (Clostridioides difficile) infection. my.clevelandclinic.org/healt...diff-infection

    Constantine, J. A., Ahmadjian, V., & Moore, D. (2024, March 4). Fungus. https://www.britannica.com/science/fungus

    Cristina, M. L., Spagnolo, A. M., Giribone, L., Demartini, A., & Sartini, M. (2021). Epidemiology and prevention of healthcare-associated infections in geriatric patients: A narrative review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 5333. https://www.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105333

    Doganci, M., Izdes, S., & Cirik, M. O. (2023, January 15). The evaluation of risk factors for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonization and infection among mixed adult intensive care unit patients. Cureus, 15, e33210. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.33210

    GBD 2019 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators (2022). Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 400, 2221–2248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02185-7

    HIV.gov. (2023a, January 13). What are HIV and AIDS? https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overv...-hiv-and-aids/

    HIV.gov. (2023b, June 12). HIV lab tests and results. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/stayi...s-and-results/

    Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2022, June 14). Long COVID: Long-term effects of COVID-19. www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heal...cts-of-covid19

    Justiz Vaillant, A. A., Gulick, P. G., & Pinto, K. M. (2022, September 20). HIV and AIDS syndrome (nursing). In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568679/

    Kramer, L.D. (2023, March). Overview of viral infections. In Merck Manual. Merck & Co. https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/in...ral-infections

    Lawson, P. A., Citron, D. M., Tyrrell, K. L., & Finegold, S. M. (2016). Reclassification of Clostridium difficile as Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prévot 1938. Anaerobe, 40, 95–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.06.008

    Lucas, D. (2021). Structural organization of the bone marrow and its role in hematopoiesis. Current Opinion in Hematology, 28, 36–42. doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0000000000000621

    Mada, P. K., & Alam, M. U. (2023, January 23). Clostridioides difficile infection. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431054/

    Mayo Clinic. (2022, November 8). MRSA infection. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...s/syc-20375336

    Mayo Clinic. (2023, November 1). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...s/syc-20479963

    Mayo Clinic. (2024, February 9). HIV/AIDS. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-...t/drc-20373531

    National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). (2020, February 11). Treatment, antimicrobial (drug) resistance. www.niaid.nih.gov/research/a...ance-treatment

    National Library of Medicine. (2023, August 26). Secondary infections. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002300.htm

    Rouleau, G., Richard, L., Côté, J., Gagnon, M., & Pelletier, J. (2019). Nursing practice to support people living with HIV with antiretroviral therapy adherence: A qualitative study. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 30: e20–e37. doi.org/10.1097/JNC.0000000000000103

    Soraci, L., Cherubini, A., Paoletti, L., Filippelli, G., Luciani, F., Laganà, P., Gambuzza, M. E., Filicetti, E., Corsonello, A., & Lattanzio, F. (2023). Safety and tolerability of antimicrobial agents in the older patient. Drugs & Aging, 40, 499–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-023-01019-3

    Taylor, M., Brizuela, M., & Raja, A. (2023, July 4). Oral candidiasis. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545282/

    Tigner, A., Ibrahim, S. A., & Murray, I. V. (2022, November 14). Histology, white blood cell. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563148/

    Tripathi, N., & Mousa, O. Y. (2023, July 9). Hepatitis B. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK555945/

    University of Rochester Medical Center. (2024). What are white blood cells? https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyc...tentTypeID=160

    Wood, E. M., Zani, B., Esterhuizen, T. M., & Young, T. (2018). Nurse led home-based care for people with HIV/AIDS. BMC Health Services Research, 18, 219. https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3002-4

    World Health Organization (WHO). (2019, September 1). Hepatitis. https://www.who.int/news-room/questi...item/hepatitis

    World Health Organization (WHO). (2024a, April 9). WHO sounds alarm on viral hepatitis infections claiming 3500 lives each day. https://www.who.int/news/item/09-04-...lives-each-day

    World Health Organization (WHO). (2024b). WHO COVID-19 dashboard. https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/cases?n=c

    Yale Medicine. (2023, October 4). The updated COVID vaccines are here: 10 things to know. https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/up...things-to-know


    This page titled 22.8: References is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax.

    • Was this article helpful?