14: Pain Response Drugs
- Page ID
- 90328
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 14.0: Introduction
- This page covers the nervous system as the control center of the body, focusing on pain as a prevalent medical concern. It identifies sources of pain such as trauma and diseases and underscores the necessity of effective management to avert chronic complications. The discussion includes treatment methods, both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic, such as over-the-counter nonopioid analgesics and prescription opioids for severe cases.
- 14.1: Introduction to Pain
- This page covers the definition and classification of pain, distinguishing between acute and chronic pain based on duration and causes, and differentiating between nociceptive and neuropathic pain. It emphasizes the importance of pain assessment methods, including self-reporting and observation, while addressing biases in pain evaluation across diverse populations. The page advocates for improved education for healthcare professionals to mitigate these biases.
- 14.2: Nonopioid Analgesics
- This page provides a comprehensive overview of nonopioid analgesics, including their characteristics, uses, and side effects. It emphasizes the role of nonopioid analgesics like acetaminophen, NSAIDs, and tramadol in pain relief, alongside warnings about potential risks such as liver toxicity, gastrointestinal issues, and kidney injury, especially in older adults.
- 14.3: Opioid Agonists and Antagonists
- This page covers opioid agonist and antagonist drugs, highlighting their characteristics, uses, nursing implications, and risks such as misuse and addiction. It emphasizes the need for client education on opioids and management of side effects, alongside monitoring for tolerance and addiction. It discusses opioid use disorder (OUD) risk factors and the significance of opioid antagonists like naloxone, which is now available over the counter, enhancing access during overdoses.
- 14.4: Chapter Summary
- This page covers the nature of pain, including its subjective perception and the factors that influence pain thresholds. It reviews pain management drug classes, such as nonopioid analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen, NSAIDs) and opioid agonists, emphasizing their potential for tolerance and addiction. The chapter also addresses opioid antagonists and their effects, notably in triggering withdrawal symptoms.
- 14.5: Key Terms
- This page provides an overview of pain management, differentiating between acute and chronic pain and types such as nociceptive and neuropathic pain. It explains pain perception and processing, including key terms like nociception and modulation. The page also addresses pharmacological options including antipyretics, nonopioid analgesics, NSAIDs, and opioid agonists, while noting concerns like addiction, withdrawal, and medication-related risks such as hepatotoxicity and Reye's syndrome.
- 14.6: Review Questions
- This page covers pain assessment and management in nursing, detailing types of pain (chronic and neuropathic) and the use of analgesics (acetaminophen, ibuprofen). It highlights nurses' responsibilities in administering pain medications, the recognition of opioid tolerance, and complications from opioid use. The page also underscores the significance of naloxone in opioid overdose management.