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accommodation
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ability of the lens to change shape when looking alternatively at a near object and far object
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aqueous humor
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fluid typically produced in the posterior chamber of the eye, which nourishes the internal structures and maintains a homeostatic eye pressure
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astigmatism
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when the cornea or lens is curved more steeply in one direction, causing light to focus on multiple points of the retina
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canaloplasty
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eye surgery that uses a microcatheter to cannulate Schlemm’s canal in order to restore aqueous humor outflow to lower intraocular pressure
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cataracts
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cloudy areas on the lens of the eye from the breakdown of proteins that affect vision
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cones
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receptors on the retina for daytime and color vision
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conjunctival hyperemia
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excess of blood in the eye’s vessels, causing redness
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conjunctivitis
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infection and inflammation of the conjunctiva, causing redness and irritation; also referred to as “pink eye”
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external ocular structures
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structures outside the eye responsible for protecting the eye and allowing the eye to rotate and move up and down
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glaucoma
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group of diseases caused by obstruction or excess production of aqueous humor, resulting in loss of peripheral vision
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hyperopia
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a condition in which light refracts behind the retina, resulting in close objects appearing blurry and far objects being clearly seen; also known as farsightedness
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internal ocular structures
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structures inside the eye responsible for light accommodation, eye color, fluid to support eye pressure homeostasis, and the optic nerve
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macular degeneration
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degeneration of the central portion of the retina, causing gradual loss of central vision
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myopia
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a condition in which light refracts in front of the retina, resulting in far objects appearing blurry and near objects being clearly seen; also known as nearsightedness
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photophobia
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abnormal sensitivity to light
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presbyopia
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a condition that occurs as one ages; the lens thickens and becomes less elastic, which makes it difficult for the eyes to accommodate
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refractive errors
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when light does not shine directly on the retina, causing distorted vision
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rods
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receptors on the retina for nighttime vison
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trabeculectomy
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eye surgery that creates a bypass of obstructed aqueous fluid in the trabecular network to prevent further loss of vision in glaucoma