4.5.2: FRAME 2- Analyze Cues

Khloe has adjusted well to the first weeks of school. She rides the bus to and from school. After school, her grandma meets her at the bus stop, and they talk about her day. Khloe is meeting her developmental milestones. She enjoys coloring, singing songs, riding her tricycle, and playing soccer with her friends.

Analyze Cues

QUESTION: Multiple Response Grouping

Scoring Rule: +/-

For each developmental domain below, click to specify the expected milestones for a 5-yearold. Each domain may support more than 1 expected milestone.

Developmental Domain	Expected Milestone
Social/Emotional	❑ Follows simple rules while playing a game ❑ Does simple chores at home ❑ Sings, dances, or acts for you ❑ Start to think about the future
Language	❑ Answers simple questions about a book after it is read to them ❑ Have well-developed speech and uses correct grammar most of the time ❑ Uses or recognizes simple rhymes ❑ Tells a story they heard or made up with at least two events
Cognitive	❑ Count to 50 ❑ Names numbers between 1 and 5 when you point to them ❑ Writes some letters in their name ❑ Pays attention for 5-10 minutes during activities
Gross and Fine Motor Movement	❑ Hops on one foot ❑ Buttons some buttons ❑ Tie their shoelaces ❑ Successfully throw a ball at a target

Putting It All Together

DEBRIEF

Milestones are categorized into social/emotional, language, cognitive, and gross and fine motor movement. Developmental milestones are a set of goals or markers that a child is expected to achieve during maturation. They help determine if a child is undergoing typical development versus if a child has delayed in a given area or over multiple areas during aging development (Misirliyan et al., 2023). The assessment of developmental orders is guided by surveillance and screening. Surveillance is the process by which children who are at risk or who have developmental delays are identified. Surveillance is done at every well-child visit and can be performed using an age-appropriate checklist of milestone records. Special attention must be had at the 4 to 5- year-old visit prior to the start of school. Screening, by comparison, is the process by which asymptomatic children who may be at risk of developing a disorder are identified via standardized testing. If a child screens positive, they should undergo a subsequent developmental-behavioral evaluation to identify the etiology of the delay (Misirliyan et al., 2023). Referral to intervention programs as early as possible is pertinent in assuring positive outcomes.

Childhood educational programs, parents and other adults can provide opportunities to help children meet their developmental milestones. Reading with children, practicing recognizing colors, numbers, and letters, and helping them to write their names all contribute to meeting milestones and being developmentally ready for school.

RECOGNIZING SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH (SDOH)

The SDOH domain, Education Access and Quality, aims to increase educational opportunities and help children and adolescents do well in school. Two objectives to meet this goal are to increase the proportion of developmentally ready children for school (EMC-D01) and to increase the proportion of children who participate in high-quality early childhood education programs (EMC-D03).

Children from low-income families, children with disabilities, and children who routinely experience forms of social discrimination are more likely to struggle with math and reading. They are also less likely to graduate from high school or go to college. This means they are less likely to get safe, high-paying jobs and more likely to have health problems like heart disease, diabetes, and depression (Healthy People 2030).

In addition, some children live in places with poorly performing schools, and many families cannot afford to send their children to college. The stress of living in poverty can also affect children’s brain development, making it harder for them to do well in school (Healthy People 2030).

What Do You Think About?

1. Provide two more examples for each of the developmental milestone categories.
2. What is a primary assessment for a child with a language delay?
3. Identify five ways parents can help their children be developmentally ready for school.