Appendix A: Dietary Reference Intakes
- Page ID
- 60837
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Adult Daily Value, Upper Level
| Women (age) | Women (age) | Women (age) | Women (age) | Men (age) | Men (age) | Men (age) | Men (age) | |||
| 19-30 | 31-50 | 51-70 | 71+ | 19-30 | 31-50 | 51-70 | 71+ | Daily value | Upper levela | |
| Biotin (mcg) | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | c |
| Choline (mg) | 425 | 425 | 425 | 425 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 1000 |
| Folate (mcg) | 400g | 400g | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 1000 |
| Niacin (mg) | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 35 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | b |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | b |
| Thiamin (mg) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | b |
| Vitamin A (mcg)c | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 900 | 900 | 900 | 900 | 900 | 3000 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 100 |
| Vitamin B12 (mg) | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4i | 1.5i | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4i | 2.4i | 2.4 | b |
| Vitamin C (mg)d | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 2000 |
| Vitamin D (mcg)e | 15 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 100 |
| Vitamin E (mg)f | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 1000 |
| Vitamin K (mcg) | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | 120 | b |
| Calcium (mg) | 1000 | 1000 | 1200 | 1200 | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 | 1200 | 1300 | 2000-2500 |
| Fluoride (mg) | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | 10 |
| Iodine (mg) | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 150 | 1100 |
| Iron (mg) | 18 | 18 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 18 | 45 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 310 | 320 | 320 | 320 | 400 | 420 | 420 | 420 | 420 | 350h |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 1250 | 3000 |
| Potassium (mg) | 2600 | 2600 | 2600 | 2600 | 3400 | 3400 | 3400 | 3400 | 4700 | b |
| Selenium (mcg) | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 55 | 400 |
| Sodium (mg) | 1500 | 1500 | 1500 | 1500 | 1500 | 1500 | 1500 | 1500 | - | 2300/ |
| Zinc (mg) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 40 |
a Tolerable Upper Intake Level: the maximum intake at which an adverse effect is unlikely
b. Not determinable due to lack of data; caution advised as to excessive intake
c. 1 mcg vitamin A (retinol) = 1 Retinol Equivalents (RE) = 5 International Units (IU)
d. Recommended amount for smokers is 35 mg more vitamin C
e. 1 mcg vitamin D (cholecalciferol) = 40 International units (IU). Can get vitamin D via sun exposure
f. 22 mg vitamin E = 30 International Units (lU)
g. Women capable of pregnancy advised to get 400 mcg folate from supplements or fortified food
h. Applies to magnesium from pharmaceutical agents only
i. 10-30% of older adults may malabsorb B12; age 51+ advised to get B12 from fortified food or supplements
j. Upper Level replaced by CDRR (Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake): Reduce sodium intake if >2300 mg/day
Dietary Reference Intakes: Children, Pregnant or Nursing Women
| Infants (month) | Infants (month) | Children (years) | Children (years) | Children (years) | Male | Female | Pregnant | Nursing | |
| 0-6 | 7-12 | 1-3 | 4-8 | 9-13 | 14-18 | 14-18 | 14-50 | 14-50 | |
| Biotin (mcg) | 5 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 20 | 25 | 25 | 30 | 35 |
| Choline (mg) | 125 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 375 | 550 | 400 | 450 | 550 |
| Folate (mcg) | 65 | 80 | 150 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 400 | 600 | 500 |
| Niacin (mg) | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 14 | 18 | 17 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg) | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| Thiamin (mg) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Vitamin A (mcg) | 400 | 500 | 300 | 400 | 600 | 900 | 700 | 750*/770 | 1200*/1300 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
| Vitamin B12 (mg) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.8 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 40 | 50 | 15 | 25 | 45 | 75 | 65 | 80*/85 | 115*/120 |
| Vitamin D (mcg) | 10 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 11 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 19 |
| Vitamin K (mcg) | 2.0 | 2.5 | 30 | 55 | 60 | 75 | 75 | 75*/90 | 75*/90 |
| Calcium (mg) | 200 | 260 | 700 | 1000 | 1300 | 1300 | 1300 | 1300*/1000 | 1300*/1000 |
| Fluoride (mg) | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Iodine (mg) | 110 | 130 | 90 | 90 | 120 | 150 | 150 | 220 | 290 |
| Iron (mg) | 0.27 | 11 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 15 | 27 | 10*/9 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 30 | 75 | 80 | 130 | 240 | 410 | 360 | 400*/350/360** | 360*/310/320** |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 100 | 275 | 460 | 500 | 1250 | 1250 | 1250 | 1250*/700 | 1250*/700 |
| Potassium (mg) | 400 | 860 | 2000 | 2300 | 2300/2500*** | 3000 | 2300 | 2600*/2900 | 2500*/2900 |
| Selenium (mcg) | 15 | 20 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 55 | 55 | 60 | 70 |
| Sodium (mg) | 110 | 370 | 800 | 1000 | 1200 | 1500 | 1500 | 1500 | 1500 |
| Zinc (mg) | 2 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 9 | 12*/11 | 13*/12 |
* Pregnant or Nursing, ages 14-18
** Pregnant or Nursing, ages 31-50
*** 2500 for boys, 2300 for girls