2: Psychological Health
- Page ID
- 144976
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Psychological health is a level of psychological well-being or an absence of Psychological illness - the state of someone who is "functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment". From the perspectives of positive psychology or of holism, Psychological health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and to create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience. Psychological health includes "subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, inter-generational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others."
- 2.1: Intro to Psychological Health
- This page discusses Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a five-tier model of human motivation developed by Abraham Maslow in 1943. It identifies "deficiency needs" (physiological, safety, love, esteem) that must be satisfied before individuals can pursue higher-level motivations like self-actualization and self-transcendence. While multiple motivations can coexist, one tends to dominate at a time.
- 2.2: Social Health
- This page discusses the influence of social environments and socioeconomic conditions on individual development, emphasizing the importance of engagement, education, and income. It highlights psychoneuroimmunology, which examines the interplay between psychological, social factors, and health. Chronic stress, especially in caregivers of dementia patients, is noted for its detrimental effects on immune function, slow healing, and increased infection risks.
- 2.3: Developing and Protecting Individual Attributes
- This page discusses the importance of mental health and well-being, emphasizing the need for self-control, resilience, and confidence. It highlights the risks of substance use, particularly alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, for vulnerable populations. Strategies like fiscal measures and regulations are suggested to address substance use. Furthermore, it underlines the significance of a healthy diet and regular exercise as essential protective factors for overall health promotion.
- 2.4: Supporting Families and Communities
- This page discusses the impact of social environments on individual mental health, highlighting the need for better living and working conditions to foster psychosocial development, especially for vulnerable populations.
- 2.5: Supporting Vulnerable Groups in Society
- This page examines the influence of social and environmental factors on mental health, highlighting issues like inadequate services, discrimination, and violence. It stresses the necessity of state policies to address these challenges and promote equality, pointing out key instruments such as anti-discrimination laws and social protections for marginalized groups, as well as initiatives aimed at fostering community peace.
- 2.6: Mental Illness
- This page discusses the significant impact of mental illness on individuals, affecting their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, which can lead to distress and functional challenges. It notes that approximately 20% of Americans experience a mental disorder each year, with severe conditions like schizophrenia and major depression affecting around 5% of adults, underscoring the prevalence and seriousness of mental health issues in society.
- 2.7: Mood Disorders
- This page discusses major mood disorders, highlighting depression, bipolar disorder, and dysthymic disorder. It distinguishes between general sadness and true depression, which is a long-term illness needing treatment. Bipolar disorder is characterized by major mood and energy shifts that affect daily life, and was historically known as manic depression, involving cycles of mania and depression.
- 2.8: Depression
- This page discusses the global impact of depression, noting that it affects about 9.5% of American adults, with a higher occurrence in women. It outlines three main types: major depressive disorder, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. Major depressive disorder is defined by five symptoms lasting over two weeks, such as persistent sadness and feelings of worthlessness.
- 2.9: Dysthymic Disorder
- This page discusses dysthymia, a chronic mood disorder marked by a prolonged depressed mood and at least two other depressive symptoms. It lasts for a minimum of two years in adults and one year in younger individuals. While less severe than major depressive disorder, dysthymia can greatly affect one's functioning and well-being. The disorder often begins in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood, with untreated cases lasting around four years in young people.
- 2.10: Bipolar Disorder
- This page discusses bipolar disorder, characterized by alternating episodes of major depression and mania, which features an elevated mood, inflated self-esteem, reduced sleep, and racing thoughts. The disorder typically begins in adolescence or young adulthood, with episodes occurring every two to four years. During manic phases, individuals may engage in risky behaviors such as fast driving and unsafe sexual activities.
- 2.11: Factors That Influence Psychological Well-Being
- This page emphasizes the critical role of attachment in infancy for social and emotional growth, noting risks from caregiver separation and trauma. It explores how personal traits, defined by five dimensions, impact mental health and behavior, with personality shaped by both innate and environmental influences, and highlights the long-term stability of these traits.
- 2.12: Physiological Needs
- This page emphasizes the importance of physiological needs for human survival, highlighting essentials such as air, water, food, clothing, and shelter. It notes that failing to meet these requirements can cause bodily dysfunction. Furthermore, it discusses how reproductive factors, including birth rates and sexual competition, affect human reproductive instincts.
- 2.13: The Causes of Depression (depressive disorders)
- This page discusses the multifaceted causes of depression, highlighting the interplay of biological, environmental, and social factors. It emphasizes that genetics may contribute significantly, with a notable proportion of depressed children having a family history. Additional factors like endocrine issues, stress, smoking, parental loss, relationship problems, and trauma are also key.
- 2.14: Treating Depression
- This page discusses the combined effectiveness of antidepressant medications and psychotherapy in treating depression. Approximately 70% of individuals respond to medications targeting neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine, with relief typically occurring in six to eight weeks. Continuous medication after recovery lowers relapse risk. Psychotherapy, requiring 6 to 20 sessions, helps develop coping strategies but should be modified if no progress is made within a few months.
- 2.15: Coping with Depression
- This page discusses the impact of depression, highlighting feelings of exhaustion, worthlessness, and hopelessness that may arise. It suggests coping strategies while awaiting treatment, such as setting realistic goals, breaking tasks down, engaging socially, and participating in positive activities. The page emphasizes the importance of postponing major decisions and seeking support from loved ones, noting that negative thoughts can lessen as treatment progresses and mood gradually improves.
- 2.16: 2.23 Anxiety Disorders
- This page covers various mental health disorders affecting millions of American adults. It highlights anxiety disorders, including Panic Disorder, OCD, PTSD, Social Phobia, specific phobias, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Each disorder presents unique challenges, often coexisting with others. Additionally, the page addresses borderline personality disorder and schizophrenia, emphasizing their emotional impacts, symptoms, and the necessity for early treatment.
- 2.17: The Stigma of Mental Illness
- This page highlights the damaging effects of derogatory language and stereotypes about mental illness, which foster false beliefs and stigma. It addresses misconceptions, such as the idea that individuals with mental illness are dangerous or irresponsible, and discusses how stigma creates obstacles to treatment while inducing shame.
- 2.18: Safety Needs
- This page discusses the importance of safety needs that arise after physiological needs are met, highlighting their impact on behavior. It emphasizes the influence of contexts like war and economic instability, where individuals seek security in job, finance, health, and accident protection. Children are particularly vulnerable, relying heavily on secure environments. Key aspects of safety include personal safety, financial stability, health maintenance, and protections against various risks.
- 2.19: Social Belonging
- This page explores the third level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, focusing on the significance of belongingness and interpersonal connections, especially in childhood. It highlights how deficiencies in these relationships can impede the ability to form meaningful bonds and contribute to issues like loneliness, social anxiety, and depression. Maslow underscores the necessity of acceptance from various social groups, while noting that peer pressure can also impact this fundamental need.
- 2.20: Esteem
- This page discusses the intrinsic human need for respect and self-esteem, emphasizing the difference between external validation and internal acceptance. It outlines Maslow's two types of esteem needs: the "lower" version that seeks respect from others and the "higher" version that focuses on self-respect. The interrelation of these needs is highlighted, noting that deprivation can lead to feelings of inferiority and helplessness.
- 2.21: Self-Actualization
- This page explores self-actualization, a crucial element of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, highlighting the importance of fulfilling one's potential and personal goals. It underscores that achieving self-actualization requires satisfying lower hierarchical needs first, allowing individuals to strive for their best selves in diverse areas like parenting, athletics, or creative pursuits.
- 2.22: Self-Transcendence
- This page discusses Abraham Maslow's later revisions to his concept of self-actualization, focusing on altruism and transcendence as vital to true fulfillment. He posits that the highest level of human consciousness involves meaningful connections to oneself, others, and the universe, prioritizing relationships and responsibilities over self-interest. This evolution reflects a shift from individual achievement to a holistic view of human potential.
- 2.23: Mental Health
- This page discusses the definition of mental health by the WHO, emphasizing wellbeing and personal potential. It highlights the impact of untreated mental health issues, particularly depression, anxiety, and eating disorders, on college students' academic success, with a significant portion experiencing severe depressive episodes. It notes the alarming rate of suicidal behavior, indicating suicide as the second leading cause of death in this group.
- 2.24: Emotional Health
- This page discusses the profound effect of emotional well-being on mental and physical health, linking poor emotional states to issues like anxiety and depression. It emphasizes that low self-esteem and pessimism can accompany emotional distress, while improved well-being enhances coping skills and life satisfaction.
- 2.25: Spiritual Health
- This page discusses the spiritual dimension, highlighting its non-material aspects like beliefs and ethics. It emphasizes the importance of these ideas in promoting health ideals and the Health for All strategy, which aims for both material and non-material wellness. While tangible resources can be provided, true spiritual growth should arise from individuals and communities within their cultural contexts.
Contributors and Attributions
- Wikipedia