2.11: II Glossary
- Page ID
- 121874
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Action stage: Individuals are actively involved in changing their behavior and are open to receiving assistance from others. (Chapter 2.7)
ADOPIE: A mnemonic that provides an easy way to remember the ANA Standards and the nursing process. (Chapter 2.8)
Body mass index (BMI): The most commonly used assessment of a person’s weight. It is calculated using a formula and the client’s weight and height. (Chapter 2.3)
Breast cancer: Occurs when breast cells mutate and become cancerous cells that multiply and form tumors. (Chapter 2.4)
Cervical cancer: Cancer of the cervix that is mostly caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). (Chapter 2.4)
Colon cancer: Develops from polyps in the lining of the colon and typically affects people aged 45 years and older. (Chapter 2.4)
Colonoscopy: A screening test for colon cancer that is similar to a flexible sigmoidoscopy but visualizes the entire large intestine, including the colon, rectum, and anus. (Chapter 2.4)
Computed tomography (CT) colonography: A screening test for colon cancer where a CT scan produces images of the entire colon, and the images are displayed on a computer monitor for the health care provider to analyze; also called a virtual colonoscopy. (Chapter 2.4)
Contemplation stage: The client is aware of and acknowledges the risks related to their lifestyle choices and/or behaviors. (Chapter 2.7)
Disease prevention: Refers to specific, population-based and individual-based interventions for minimizing the burden of disease and reduce associated risk factors; also referred to as primary and secondary prevention. (Chapter 2.2)
Fecal immunochemical test (FIT): Test that uses antibodies to detect blood in the stool. (Chapter 2.4)
Flexible sigmoidoscopy: A screening test for colon cancer where a flexible tube is inserted into the rectum and the lower third of the colon. (Chapter 2.4)
Guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT): Test that uses a chemical called guaiac to detect blood in the stool. (Chapter 2.4)
Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (Chapter 2.2)
Health promotion: The process of empowering people to control factors that impact their health and increase their healthy behaviors. (Chapter 2.2)
Holistic health: An approach to wellness that recognizes the interconnectedness of the physical, mental, emotional, intellectual, social, spiritual, cultural, and environmental components of health. (Chapter 2.2)
Maintenance stage: Exhibit total abstinence from the changed behavior and also have the ability to avoid temptations to return to the previous behavior. (Chapter 2.7)
Mammogram: A radiographic image of breast tissue that can detect signs of cancer, often before a lump is felt. (Chapter 2.4)
Melanoma: Skin cancer caused by the uncontrolled growth of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells in the epidermis. (Chapter 2.4)
Metastasis: The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body. (Chapter 2.4)
Moderate alcohol consumption: Limiting intake to two or fewer drinks a day for men and one or fewer a day for women. (Chapter 2.3)
Modifiable risk factors: Include factors like obesity and smoking and can be reduced by a change in behavior such as healthy diet choices, increased physical activity, and smoking cessation. (Chapter 2.6)
Motivational interviewing (MI): A therapeutic communication technique used to elicit and emphasize a client’s personal motivation for modifying their behavior to promote health. (Chapter 2.7)
Nonmodifiable risk factors: Factors that cannot be changed by the client and include such as age, gender, and family history/genetic predisposition. (Chapter 2.6)
Nursing process: A critical thinking model based on a systematic approach to client-centered care. (Chapter 2.8)
Pack-year: Defined as smoking one pack of cigarettes a day for a year. (Chapter 2.4)
Precontemplation stage: Clients see no need to find a solution to a problem because they are unaware of a problem or lack insight into the consequences of their lifestyle choices and/or behavior. (Chapter 2.7)
Preparation stage: The client acknowledges that a behavior or risk is problematic and can make a commitment to correct it in the next 30 days. (Chapter 2.7)
Primary prevention: Refers to interventions to prevent illness and injury that are implemented before health disorders develop. (Chapter 2.3)
Relapse: Occurs when an individual returns to the former problematic behavior, such as smoking, drinking excessively, or misusing other substances. (Chapter 2.7)
Secondary prevention: Interventions focus on screening to identify early stages of disease, often before the client experiences signs or symptoms of the disease. (Chapter 2.4)
Shingles: A painful rash that usually develops on one side of the body, often the face or torso. (Chapter 2.3)
Sleep hygiene: Healthy habits that support good sleep. (Chapter 2.3)
Social determinants of health: The conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes. (Chapter 2.2)
Standard drink: Equivalent to 12 ounces of beer, a 5-ounce glass or wine, or 1.5 ounces of liquor. (Chapter 2.3)
Stool DNA test: Test that combines the fecal immunochemical test with a test that detects altered DNA in the stool. (Chapter 2.4)
Substance misuse: The use of alcohol or drugs in a manner, situation, amount, or frequency that could cause harm to the user or to those around them. (Chapter 2.3)
Tertiary prevention: Helps clients reduce the severity of disease and/or altered functioning; also referred to as “rehabilitation.” (Chapter 2.5)
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF): An independent, volunteer panel of national experts that makes evidence-based recommendations about preventive services, including screening. (Chapter 2.4)