22: Appendix A - Normal Reference Ranges

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The following normal reference ranges are used for laboratory tests discussed throughout the book.^{^[1]}

Acid Base

pH	7.35 – 7.45
PaCO2	35 – 45 mmHg
HCO3-	18 – 22 mmol/L
PaO2	80 – 100 mmHg

7.35 – 7.45

PaCO2

35 – 45 mmHg

HCO3-

18 – 22 mmol/L

PaO2

80 – 100 mmHg

Cardiac

CK	25 – 200 U/L
CKMB	0 – 4 ng/mL
Troponin	0 – 0.4 ng/mL

25 – 200 U/L

CKMB

0 – 4 ng/mL

Troponin

0 – 0.4 ng/mL

Cholesterol Panel

Total Cholesterol	3 – 5.5 mmol/L or < 200 mg/dL
HDL	40 – 80 mg/dL
LDL	85 – 125 mg/dL
Triglycerides	50 – 150 mg/dL

Total Cholesterol

3 – 5.5 mmol/L or < 200 mg/dL

HDL

40 – 80 mg/dL

LDL

85 – 125 mg/dL

Triglycerides

50 – 150 mg/dL

Coagulation Profile

Prothrombin Time	11 – 14 sec
International Normalized Ratio (INR)	0.9 – 1.2
aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time)	20 – 40 sec

Prothrombin Time

11 – 14 sec

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

0.9 – 1.2

aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time)

20 – 40 sec

Complete Blood Count and Differential

RBC (Red Blood Cell Count)	Male: 4.50 – 5.90 million/mm³ Female: 4.00 – 5.20 million/mm³
RDW (Red Blood Cell Distribution Width)	11.5% – 14.5%
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)	80 – 100 fL
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)	0.4 – 0.5 fmol/cell
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)	30 – 35 g/dL
Hemoglobin	Male: 13 – 17 g/dL Female: 12 – 15 g/dL
Hematocrit	Male: 40% – 52% Female: 36% – 47%
White Blood Cells (WBC)	4000 – 10,000 mm³
Neutrophils	46 – 78%
Lymphocytes	18 – 52%
Monocytes	3 – 10%
Eosinophils	0 – 6%
Basophils	0 – 3%
Platelet Count	150,000 – 400,000 mm³

RBC (Red Blood Cell Count)

Male: 4.50 – 5.90 million/mm³

Female: 4.00 – 5.20 million/mm³

RDW (Red Blood Cell Distribution Width)

11.5% – 14.5%

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

80 – 100 fL

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

0.4 – 0.5 fmol/cell

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

30 – 35 g/dL

Hemoglobin

Male: 13 – 17 g/dL

Female: 12 – 15 g/dL

Hematocrit

Male: 40% – 52%

Female: 36% – 47%

White Blood Cells (WBC)

4000 – 10,000 mm³

Neutrophils

46 – 78%

Lymphocytes

18 – 52%

Monocytes

3 – 10%

Eosinophils

0 – 6%

Basophils

0 – 3%

Platelet Count

150,000 – 400,000 mm³

HbA1C (Hemoglobin A1C)

A1C	3.9 – 6.2%

Iron

Total Serum Iron	Male: 65 – 180 µg/dL (men) Female: 30 – 170 µg/dL (women)
Ferritin	Male: 12 – 300 ng/mL (men) Female: 12 – 150 ng/mL
Transferrin	200 – 350 mg/dL
Total Iron-Binding Capacity	45 – 85 µmol/L

Total Serum Iron

Male: 65 – 180 µg/dL (men)

Female: 30 – 170 µg/dL (women)

Ferritin

Male: 12 – 300 ng/mL (men)

Female: 12 – 150 ng/mL

Transferrin

200 – 350 mg/dL

Total Iron-Binding Capacity

45 – 85 µmol/L

Metabolic Panel

Sodium	135 – 145 mmol/L
Potassium	3.5 – 5 mmol/L
Chloride	95 – 105 mmol/L
Calcium	8.5 – 10.2 mg/dL
Magnesium	1.5 – 2 mEq/L
Phosphate	0.8 – 1.5 mmol/L
Glucose	65 – 110 mg/dL
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)	8 – 21 mg/dL
Creatinine	0.8 – 1.3 mg/dL

Sodium

135 – 145 mmol/L

Potassium

3.5 – 5 mmol/L

Chloride

95 – 105 mmol/L

Calcium

8.5 – 10.2 mg/dL

Magnesium

1.5 – 2 mEq/L

Phosphate

0.8 – 1.5 mmol/L

Glucose

65 – 110 mg/dL

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

8 – 21 mg/dL

Creatinine

0.8 – 1.3 mg/dL

Liver Function Tests

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)	50 – 100 U/L
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)	5 – 30 U/L
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)	5 – 30 U/L
Albumin	35 – 50 g/L
Prealbumin	15 – 36 mg/dL
Total Protein	60 – 80 g/L
Total Bilirubin	2 – 20 µmol/L
Amylase	30 – 125 U/L

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

50 – 100 U/L

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)

5 – 30 U/L

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)

5 – 30 U/L

Albumin

35 – 50 g/L

Prealbumin

15 – 36 mg/dL

Total Protein

60 – 80 g/L

Total Bilirubin

2 – 20 µmol/L

Amylase

30 – 125 U/L

Thyroid Hormones

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)	0.5 – 5 mIU/L
Total Thyroxine (T4)	4.9 – 11.7 mg/dL
Total Triiodothyronine (T3)	0.7 – 1.5 ng/dL

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

0.5 – 5 mIU/L

Total Thyroxine (T4)

4.9 – 11.7 mg/dL

Total Triiodothyronine (T3)

0.7 – 1.5 ng/dL

Urinalysis

Appearance	Clear
Color	Amber Yellow
Odor	Aromatic
pH	5-8
Protein	Negative
Specific Gravity	1.002 – 1.030
Leukocyte Esterase	Negative
Nitrites	Negative
Ketones	Negative
Bilirubin	Negative
Crystals	Negative
Casts	0 – 4 hyaline casts/lpf
Glucose	Negative
WBCs	0 – 5/hpf
RBCs	0 – 5/hpf

Appearance

Clear

Color

Amber Yellow

Odor

Aromatic

5-8

Protein

Negative

Specific Gravity

1.002 – 1.030

Leukocyte Esterase

Negative

Nitrites

Negative

Ketones

Negative

Bilirubin

Negative

Crystals

Negative

Casts

0 – 4 hyaline casts/lpf

Glucose

Negative

WBCs

0 – 5/hpf

RBCs

0 – 5/hpf

Miscellaneous

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)	< 100 pg/mL
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)	< 5 mg/L
d-Dimer	< 500 ng/mL
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)	50-150 U/L
24-hour Urine Creatinine	Males: 0.8 – 1.8 g/24 hrs Females: 0.6 – 1.6 g/24 hrs
FSH	Male: 1.42-15.4 mU/mL Female: Follicular phase: 1.37-9.9 mU/mL Ovulatory phase: 6.17-17.2 mU/mL Luteal phase: 1.09-9.2 mU/mL Postmenopause: 19.3-100.6 mU/mL
LH	Male: 1.24-7.8 IU/L Female: Follicular phase: 1.68-15 IU/L Ovulatory phase: 21.9-56.6 IU/L Postmenopause: 14.2-52.3 IU/L

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

< 100 pg/mL

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

< 5 mg/L

d-Dimer

< 500 ng/mL

Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

50-150 U/L

24-hour Urine Creatinine

Males: 0.8 – 1.8 g/24 hrs

Females: 0.6 – 1.6 g/24 hrs

FSH

Male: 1.42-15.4 mU/mL

Female:

Follicular phase: 1.37-9.9 mU/mL
Ovulatory phase: 6.17-17.2 mU/mL
Luteal phase: 1.09-9.2 mU/mL
Postmenopause: 19.3-100.6 mU/mL

Male: 1.24-7.8 IU/L

Female:

Follicular phase: 1.68-15 IU/L
Ovulatory phase: 21.9-56.6 IU/L
Postmenopause: 14.2-52.3 IU/L

Medscape. (2024). Lab values, normal adult. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172316-overview? ^↵

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