13: White Blood Cells- Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms
- Page ID
- 38759
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- 13.1: Introduction to Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms
- This page discusses lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by the clonal proliferation of mature lymphocytes, resulting in lymphomas and leukemias. Contributing factors include mutations, inherited immunodeficiencies, and environmental elements.
- 13.2: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- This page covers Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), marked by small mature lymphocytes and smudge cells in blood smears, mainly affecting adults over 50. Key features include chromosomal abnormalities, normochromic normocytic anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Important immunological markers are CD5, CD19, CD20, and CD23, with diagnostic tests like FISH and PCR mentioned, indicating a connection to hypogammaglobulinemia.
- 13.3: Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)
- This page covers Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL), highlighting its unique B lymphocyte morphologies, common occurrence in middle-aged adults, and association with the BRAF-V600E mutation. It outlines laboratory findings such as pancytopenia and dry tap during bone marrow aspiration, along with immunologic markers like CD19, CD20, and CD25.
- 13.4: Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
- This page details Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, which presents as an IgM monoclonal gammopathy, potentially causing complications like cryoglobulinemia and organ dysfunction. It predominantly affects older adults, especially men. Causes include genetic factors and viral infections, notably Hepatitis C. Laboratory findings show increased white blood cells and infiltrated small lymphocytes in the bone marrow, along with positive IgM monoclonal paraprotein.
- 13.5: Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)
- This page discusses MGUS (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance), characterized by elevated serum M protein and clonal plasma cells without CRAB symptoms. It primarily affects asymptomatic individuals over 50 years old. The exact cause is unknown, and diagnosis involves increased plasma cells in bone marrow and laboratory tests such as protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, flow cytometry, and FISH.
- 13.6: Plasma Cell Myeloma (Multiple Myeloma)
- This page provides an overview of plasma cell myeloma, highlighting its features such as elevated monoclonal protein levels and clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. It differentiates myeloma from MGUS and outlines the CRAB symptoms. Additionally, it describes various plasma cell morphologies and relevant laboratory findings like cytopenias and rouleaux formation, while also mentioning reactive plasmacytosis, which is symptom-free and lacks clonal cells.