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7.1: Introduction
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This page discusses the human skeletal system, highlighting that the adult body has 206 bones connected at joints, categorized as stable or mobile. Stable joints, found in areas like the skull, offer minimal movement for protection, while mobile joints in the appendicular skeleton permit greater movement but with less stability. The relationship between joint structure and function is emphasized to clarify the diversity of joint types in the body.
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7.2: Knee Joint
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This page describes the knee joint, the largest in the body, consisting of three articulations that function as a hinge, enabling flexion, extension, and limited rotation. It highlights the protective role of the patella, the cushioning and stability provided by the menisci, and the supportive function of various ligaments. Additionally, it notes the knee's vulnerability to injuries from hyperextension and lateral forces during weight-bearing activities.
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7.3: Elbow Joint
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This page describes the elbow joint as a uniaxial hinge joint primarily made up of the humeroulnar joint, along with the humeroradial and proximal radioulnar joints. It is supported by ligaments within an articular capsule, notably the ulnar collateral ligament which prevents hyperextension and the radial collateral ligament which supports the radius during rotation. Injuries to the ulnar collateral ligament may necessitate Tommy John surgery.
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7.4: Shoulder Joint
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This page discusses the shoulder joint, a ball-and-socket joint that allows extensive mobility due to its loose structure. It is stabilized by the rotator cuff muscles. Common injuries stem from repetitive motion, leading to inflammation, tears, or dislocations. Inflammation may result in scar tissue, causing decreased mobility, referred to as adhesive capsulitis or "frozen shoulder."
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7.5: Exercises
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This page details tasks on joint anatomy, including matching joint structures, categorizing joint types (ball and socket, hinge, fibrous), identifying specific joint components (shoulder, hip, knee), and drawing labeled diagrams of the hip socket. It also emphasizes recognizing ligament and cartilage structures in the knee joint.
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7.6: Models- Knee, Shoulder, Hip and Spine
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This page outlines ligaments, tendons, and skeletal structures related to major joints, including the knee, elbow, and shoulder, as well as the vertebral column. It details key ligaments like the cruciate and collateral ligaments for the knee and ulnar and radial collateral ligaments for the elbow. Additionally, it lists skeletal structures like the acromion, femur, and scapula, highlighting their significance in mobility and support.