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“butterfly” cannula
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needle with flexible plastic wings on either side of the needle hub that serve to maneuver the needle during the venipuncture procedure; are manufactured with a short tubing attached to the cannula
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air embolus
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occurs when air or gas makes its way into the vascular system
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antimicrobial filter
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port protectors containing alcohol that disinfect and protect the IV access point
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bacterial reaction
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occurs when blood or blood products are contaminated with bacteria
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blood typing
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identifies blood type and Rh factor
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catheter
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a small hollow tube placed in the vein
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catheter-associated thrombus
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an inflammatory response to an IV catheter that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins
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central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
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hospital-acquired infection caused by microorganisms being introduced into the bloodstream through a central line
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central venous (CV) access
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also known as a central line, an IV inserted in or near a large vein that goes into the superior vena cava
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central venous catheter (CVC)
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IV inserted in or near a large vein that goes into the superior vena cava
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circulatory overload
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occurs when fluids are administered faster than the circulatory system can accommodate
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combi stopper
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closing cone with Luer lock–fitting stoppers designed to seal the access points on IV devices to maintain sterility and prevent contamination
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continuous infusion
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constant delivery of medication or IV fluid over an extended period of time, ranging from hours to days
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crossmatching
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checks for harmful interactions between the donor’s and recipient’s blood
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cryoprecipitated antihemophilic factor (cryo)
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portion of plasma that is rich in clotting factors
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deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
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a blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body
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extension tubing
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a length of tubing with a connector that can be added to the primary IV tubing to extend the reach of the IV line
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extravasation
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a condition that occurs when vesicant (an irritating solution or medication) is administered and inadvertently
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febrile reaction
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occurs when there is a hypersensitivity to the donor’s white cells, platelets, or plasma proteins
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fluid overload
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occurs when there is increased fluid retained in the intravascular compartment
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flush
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prefilled syringe that contains a small amount of normal saline or heparin used to keep IV site open and unobstructed
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granulocyte
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type of white blood cell that protects against infection by destroying invading bacteria and viruses
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hemolytic transfusion reaction
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occurs when incompatible blood products are administered
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hypertonic
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contains a higher concentration of particles than plasma, so osmotic movement pulls the water from the cellular space into the intravascular space, causing the cell to shrink
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hypotonic
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contains a lower concentration of particles than plasma, so osmotic movement pulls the water from the intravascular space into the cellular space, causing the cell to swell
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implanted port
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central line that is surgically placed under the skin and accessed by needle when needed
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infusion pump
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medical device used to deliver IV fluids in controlled amounts
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intermittent infusion
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delivery of medication or fluid via an IV at a specific interval or scheduled time
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isotonic
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contains a similar concentration of particles as plasma, so no osmotic movement occurs, and the fluid stays within the intravascular space
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IV immunoglobulin (IVIG)
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human antibodies that are administered to help fight certain infections
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IV push
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manually injecting medications into the IV line
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lumen
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tube connected to the IV catheter and located out of the skin to administer medications
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macrodrip
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ten, fifteen, or twenty drops per milliliter
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midline catheter
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used for long-term IV therapy; catheter is longer than a PIVC but does not extend to the vena cava
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necrosis
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tissue death
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nontunneled percutaneous central venous catheter
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type of central line commonly used for emergent situations
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packed red blood cells
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increase hemoglobin, iron, and oxygen levels within the body
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parenteral nutrition (PN)
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nutrition delivered intravenously by a central line
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patency
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open and unobstructed line
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peripheral intravenous (PIV) line
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IV inserted into a peripheral vein, usually in the hand, arm, or forearm
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peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC)
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most common type of IV, placed in a peripheral vein
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peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN)
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diluted nutritional supplements that deliver nutrients and calories on a short-term basis
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peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)
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type of central line inserted peripherally
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phlebitis
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inflammation of a vein
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plasma
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the dominant component of blood that contains water, proteins, electrolytes, lipids, and glucose
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platelet
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small, colorless cell fragment that sticks to the lining of a blood vessel to stop bleeding
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red blood cell
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carries oxygen from the lungs throughout the body and takes carbon dioxide back to the lungs
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Rh factor
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a certain protein, rhesus factor, present in some red blood cells
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secondary set
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IV tubing used to intermittently infuse secondary medications
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shielded catheter
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IV catheter with a retractable needle
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short-term dosing
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a prescribed specific medication for a relatively brief duration
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superficial vein thrombosis (SVT)
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a blood clot that involves superficial veins of the arms or legs
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three-way stopcock
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small, plastic, Y-shaped valve with three regulating ports
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total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
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total replacement of dietary needs over a long-term basis
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tunneled central venous catheter
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central line that is tunneled under the skin and then brought out through a separate incision site
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vascular access device
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thin, flexible catheter that provides access to blood vessels without the need for repeated needlesticks
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vein finder
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device that uses infrared radiation reflection technology to create a map of the veins
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vesicant
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drug that can cause blisters or tissue necrosis if leaked into the surrounding tissue
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white blood cell
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helps the body to fight against disease