16: Hematopoietic Disorders and Regulation
- Page ID
- 111159
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 16.0: Introduction
- The text explains the importance of understanding hematology for nursing care, as blood samples are essential for diagnosing a patient's condition. It highlights the components of blood???plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets???and their roles, emphasizing their significance in maintaining health and homeostasis. The discussion covers hematological disorders, their pathophysiology, and appropriate nursing treatments, underscoring blood's impact on all body systems.
- 16.1: Anemias
- This page covers a comprehensive guide on understanding, diagnosing, and treating anemia. It discusses the different types of anemia, including iron-deficiency, pernicious, and folate-deficiency anemia, outlining their causes, clinical manifestations, and laboratory diagnostics. An emphasis is placed on the nursing care required for anemia patients, including recognizing symptoms, prioritizing treatments, ensuring proper medication and dietary support, and evaluating care effectiveness.
- 16.2: Hereditary Disorders
- This section outlines comprehensive learning objectives for health-care professionals addressing hereditary hematological disorders, focusing on pathophysiology, diagnostic processes, nursing care, and medical therapies. Highlighted disorders include sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, with detailed discussions about their clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and nursing care priorities.
- 16.3: Polycythemia
- This page discusses polycythemia, a condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells (RBCs), leading to higher blood viscosity and associated complications. It outlines the pathophysiology, distinguishing between primary (genetic) and secondary (caused by other conditions) polycythemia, the diagnostic techniques, clinical manifestations, and nursing care strategies. Key nursing responsibilities include monitoring symptoms, educating patients, and evaluating treatment efficacy.
- 16.4: Thrombocytopenia
- The document outlines learning objectives related to thrombocytopenia, a condition characterized by low platelet count. It discusses its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and medical therapies. Key types of thrombocytopenia include heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and alcoholic thrombocytopenia.
- 16.5: Neutropenia
- The page provides an in-depth overview of neutropenia, a condition marked by low levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell essential for fighting infections. It covers the pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic criteria for neutropenia. The page also discusses various types, such as autoimmune, congenital, and drug-induced neutropenia, along with their respective causes.
- 16.6: Thrombotic Disorder
- This page provides an overview of thrombotic disorders, discussing pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostics, and clinical manifestations. It covers hereditary disorders such as factor V Leiden mutation and prothrombin G20210A mutation, and the impact of venous thromboembolism, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
- 16.7: Blood Products and Transfusion Principles
- This page provides a comprehensive overview of blood transfusions, highlighting their history, safety protocols, and implications in clinical practice. It covers key learning objectives, including understanding antigen response, identifying blood products, and describing nursing assessments. The text emphasizes safe transfusion practices, discusses ABO blood typing, elaborates on various blood components, and details legal and cultural considerations.
- 16.8: Summary
- The document outlines various hematological disorders, starting with anemia, which involves a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin leading to symptoms like fatigue and shortness of breath, with treatment options including nutritional supplements and blood transfusions. Hereditary disorders like sickle cell anemia are highlighted for their genetic basis, with management through hydration and pain control.
- 16.9: Key Terms
- This page provides definitions and explanations of various terms related to blood disorders and transfusion reactions. It covers the ABO blood group system, different types of transfusion reactions, conditions related to blood components like thrombocytopenia, anemia, and coagulation disorders, along with diagnostic tests and therapies related to blood health. Conditions such as sickle cell anemia, hemolytic reactions, and various clotting and autoimmune disorders are also described.
- 16.11: References
- The page includes a list of references related to topics in hematology, such as guidelines for transfusion practices, management of venous thromboembolism, blood grouping, thalassemia, d-dimer tests, polycythemia vera, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and related guidelines by various health organizations. Several resources address conditions like sickle cell anemia and immune thrombocytopenia, emphasizing diagnostics, treatment guidelines, and clinical considerations for related blood disorders.