4.6: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 90517
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- active transport
- the process of moving molecules across a cellular membrane through the use of cellular energy
- adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP)
- a coenzyme that works with enzymes to transfer energy by releasing phosphate groups
- anions
- negatively charged ions
- cations
- positively charged ions
- cytoplasm
- fluid inside a cell but outside the nucleus
- effector
- an organ or tissue that receives information from the control center and acts to bring about the changes needed for homeostasis
- extracellular fluid
- the fluid that surrounds the cells of the body
- feedback loop
- a part of homeostasis that provides a mechanism for the body to maintain stability
- homeostasis
- a state of balance
- homeostatic mechanism
- a process that maintains the stability of the internal environment in response to fluctuations to external environmental conditions
- homeostatic response system
- a self-regulating process in which the body maintains stability
- hydrostatic pressure
- the pressure that any fluid in a confined space exerts
- hyperosmolality
- a condition in which the concentration of solutes in a solution is higher than normal
- hypertonicity
- a condition in which the tonicity of a solution is higher than that of the cytoplasm of a cell
- hypoosmolality
- a state in which the concentration of solutes in a solution is lower than normal
- hypotonicity
- a state in which the tonicity of a solution is lower than that of the cytoplasm of a cell
- interstitial compartment
- fluid that surrounds tissue cells
- intracellular fluid
- fluid that is contained within the cells of the body
- intravascular compartment
- fluid inside the blood cells and plasma
- ions
- atoms or groups of atoms that have one or more positive or negative electrical charges
- iso-osmolality
- a state in which the concentration of solutes in a solution is equal
- isotonicity
- a state in which the tonicity of a solution is equal to that of the cytoplasm of a cell
- Na+K+ATPase pump
- a protein pump that acts to transport sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane by using adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP)
- negative feedback
- a homeostatic process that counteracts a change, bringing the parameter back toward its set point
- osmolality
- the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent
- osmole
- a unit of osmotic concentration
- osmosis
- the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell’s semipermeable membrane
- osmotic equilibrium
- a state when the concentration of a solute in water is the same on both sides of a semipermeable membrane
- osmotic pressure
- the minimum pressure that must be applied to a solution to halt the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane
- positive feedback
- feedback that amplifies or magnifies a change
- receptor
- part of the homeostatic system that receives information regarding balance within the body
- semipermeable membrane
- a membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion or active transport
- solutes
- dissolved substances
- tonicity
- the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water; it is relative to the cytoplasm of a cell
- transcellular compartment
- a small volume of fluid that is contained within certain body cavities and structures, also known as third space
- transient change
- a temporary change that can occur before the body returns to a steady state of homeostasis