11.4: Chapter Summary
Evidence-based decision-making in public health is an objective method that involves seven steps: define, search, appraise, synthesize, adapt, implement, and evaluate. The first step is to define the problem, usually as a PICOT question. This leads the way for the rest of the process. Often, interventions outlined in research may not fit the designated community and require adaptation. The NCCMT’s Model for evidence-based decision-making assists with this process.
Databases and registries are potential sources of reliable, evidence-based interventions. Additional frames of reference include the WHO’s Essential Public Health Functions (EPHF) and the CDC’s 10 Essential Public Health Services (EPHS). Research ethics are fundamental principles that guide the design and implementation of research. Nurses must consider their role in protecting the population being researched and promoting equity in research to better serve their communities.
Evaluating the quality of each piece of evidence ensures that each adds value to the project and helps meet the user’s needs and expectations. This process may also help identify gaps in what has previously been researched and/or implemented. Evaluating the quality of evidence involves reviewing the acquired information and systematically assessing its intended audience, purpose, relevance, applicability, validity, and reliability.