5.5.2: FRAME 2- Analyze Cues

CORRECT Answer

Question Type: Multiple Response Grouping

Scoring: +/-

NCSBN Item Type and Scoring: https://www.ncsbn.org/public-files/p...main_stage.pdf

For each developmental domain below, click to specify the expected milestones for a 5-year-old. Each domain may support more than 1 expected milestone.

Developmental Domain	Expected Milestone
Social/Emotional	\(\bigotimes \) Follows simple rules while playing a game \(\bigotimes \) Does simple chores at home \(\bigotimes \) Sings, dances, or acts for you \(\bigcirc \) Start to think about the future^1
Language	\(\bigotimes \) Answers simple questions about a book after it is read to them \(\bigcirc \) Have well developed speech and uses correct grammar most of the time^2 \(\bigotimes \) Uses or recognizes simple rhymes \(\bigotimes \) Tells a story they heard or made up with at least two events
Cognitive	\(\bigcirc \) Count to 50^3 \(\bigotimes \) Names numbers between 1 and 5 when you point to them \(\bigotimes \) Writes some letters in their name \(\bigotimes \) Pays attention for 5-10 minutes during activities
Gross and Fine Motor Movement	\(\bigotimes \) Hops on one foot \(\bigotimes \) Buttons some buttons \(\bigcirc \) Tie their shoelaces^4 \(\bigcirc \) Successfully throw a ball at a target^4

RATIONALE

Milestones are categorized into social/emotional, language, cognitive, and gross and fine motor movement. Developmental milestones are a set of goals or markers that a child is expected to achieve during maturation. They are used to help determine if a child is undergoing typical development versus if a child has delayed in a given area or over multiple areas in the process of aging development (Misirliyan et al., 2023). The assessment of developmental orders is guided by the processes of surveillance and screening. Surveillance is the process by which children who are at risk or who have developmental delay are identified. Surveillance is done at every well-child visit, and it can be performed by using an age-appropriate checklist of milestone records. Special attention must be had at the 4 to 5-year-old visit prior to the start of school. Screening by comparison is the process by which asymptomatic children who may be at risk of developing a disorder are identified via standardized testing. If a child screens positive, they should undergo a subsequent developmental-behavioral evaluation to identify the etiology for the delay (Misirliyan et al., 2023). Referral to intervention programs as early as possible is pertinent in assuring positive outcomes.

Childhood educational programs, parents, and other adults can provide opportunities to help children meet their developmental milestones. Reading with children, practicing recognizing colors, numbers, and letters, and helping them to write their names all contribute to meeting milestones and being developmentally ready for school. Hearing screening is the primary assessment for a child with a language delay.

Children from low-income families, children with disabilities, and children who routinely experience forms of social discrimination are more likely to struggle with math and reading. They are also less likely to graduate from high school or go to college. This means they are less likely to get safe, high-paying jobs and more likely to have health problems like heart disease, diabetes, and depression (HP 2030).

In addition, some children live in places with poorly performing schools, and many families cannot afford to send their children to college. The stress of living in poverty can also affect children’s brain development, making it harder for them to do well in school (HP 2030).

FOCUSED GUIDE

Khloe is meeting many developmental milestones as indicated by her interest in coloring, singing songs, riding her tricycle, and playing soccer with her friends. Students were asked to identify additional milestones appropriate for a five-year-old child.

Note

1. Starting to think about the future is a social/emotional milestone for 6 to 8-year-old children, not 5-year-old children.
2. Have well developed speech and uses correct grammar most of the time is a is an expected language/communication milestone for 8-year-old children. The expected language/communication milestone for 5-year-old children is that they can keep a conversation going with more than three back and forth exchanges.
3. The expected cognitive milestone for 5-year-old children is that they should be able to count to 10, not 50.
4. Tying shoelaces and successfully throwing a ball at a target is a physical developmental milestone for 7 to 8-year-old children, not 5-year-old children.