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5.1: Biological Energy
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Scientists use the term bioenergetics to describe the concept of energy flow through living systems, such as cells. Cellular processes such as the building and breaking down of complex molecules occur through stepwise chemical reactions. Some of these chemical reactions are spontaneous and release energy, whereas others require energy to proceed.
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5.2: Components of the Digestive System
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The nutrients and macromolecules present in food are not immediately accessible to the cells. There are a number of processes that modify food within the animal body in order to make the nutrients and organic molecules accessible for cellular function. As animals evolved in the complexity of form and function, their digestive systems have also evolved to accommodate their various dietary needs.
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5.3: Nutrient Transport and Energy Metabolism
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