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- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Allan_Hancock_College/Introduction_to_Nutrition_Science_(Bisson_et._al)/12%3A_Nutrients_Important_as_Antioxidants/12.08%3A_The_Whole_Nutrient_Package_versus_DiseaseFor example, a forty-year-old male who exercises for sixty minutes per day should consume 2 cups of fruit and 3½ cups of vegetables, while a fifteen-year-old female who exercises for thirty minutes pe...For example, a forty-year-old male who exercises for sixty minutes per day should consume 2 cups of fruit and 3½ cups of vegetables, while a fifteen-year-old female who exercises for thirty minutes per day should consume 1½ cups of fruit and 2½ cups of vegetables. (One cup of a fruit or vegetable is equal to one banana, one small apple, twelve baby carrots, one orange, or one large sweet potato.) To find out the amount of fruits and vegetables the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC…
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Allan_Hancock_College/Introduction_to_Nutrition_Science_(Bisson_et._al)/17%3A_Macronutrient_and_Alcohol_Metabolism/17.06%3A_Alcohol_MetabolismThe other energy source is alcohol. The alcohol we consume contains two carbons and is known as ethanol. Ethanol is passively absorbed by simple diffusion into the enterocyte. Ethanol metabolism occu...The other energy source is alcohol. The alcohol we consume contains two carbons and is known as ethanol. Ethanol is passively absorbed by simple diffusion into the enterocyte. Ethanol metabolism occurs primarily in the liver, but 10-30% is estimated to occur in the stomach. For the average person, the liver can metabolize the amount of ethanol in one drink (1/2 ounce) per hour. There are three ways that alcohol is metabolized in the body.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Allan_Hancock_College/Introduction_to_Nutrition_Science_(Bisson_et._al)/17%3A_Macronutrient_and_Alcohol_Metabolism/17.03%3A_Carbohydrate_Metabolism/17.3.01%3A_GlycolysisThus, from a molecule of glucose, the harvesting step produces a total of four ATPs and two NADHs. Subtracting the harvesting from the investment step, the net output from one molecule of glucose is t...Thus, from a molecule of glucose, the harvesting step produces a total of four ATPs and two NADHs. Subtracting the harvesting from the investment step, the net output from one molecule of glucose is two ATPs and two NADHs. The figure below shows the stages of glycolysis, as well as the transition reaction, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain that are utilized by cells to produce energy.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Allan_Hancock_College/Introduction_to_Nutrition_Science_(Bisson_et._al)/11%3A_Water_and_Electrolytes/11.07%3A_SodiumThe transport of nutrients through intestinal cells is facilitated by the sodium-potassium pump, which by moving sodium out of the cell, creates a higher sodium concentration outside of the cell (requ...The transport of nutrients through intestinal cells is facilitated by the sodium-potassium pump, which by moving sodium out of the cell, creates a higher sodium concentration outside of the cell (requiring ATP). It also is lower in sodium than the typical American diet, and includes menus with two levels of sodium, 2,300 and 1,500 mg per day.” Additional details on DASH are available on the website of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute website.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Allan_Hancock_College/Introduction_to_Nutrition_Science_(Bisson_et._al)/11%3A_Water_and_Electrolytes/11.08%3A_ChlorideMost chloride in the diet comes from salt. (Salt is 60 percent chloride.) A teaspoon of salt equals 5,600 milligrams, with each teaspoon of salt containing 3,400 milligrams of chloride and 2,200 milli...Most chloride in the diet comes from salt. (Salt is 60 percent chloride.) A teaspoon of salt equals 5,600 milligrams, with each teaspoon of salt containing 3,400 milligrams of chloride and 2,200 milligrams of sodium. Bioavailability refers to the amount of a particular nutrient in foods that is actually absorbed in the intestine and not eliminated in the urine or feces. In the small intestine, the elements of sodium chloride split into sodium cations and chloride anions.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Allan_Hancock_College/Introduction_to_Nutrition_Science_(Bisson_et._al)/13%3A_Nutrients_Important_for_Bone_HealthThumbnail Image by Ulrike Leone / Pixabay License
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Allan_Hancock_College/Introduction_to_Nutrition_Science_(Bisson_et._al)This Open Educational Resource (OER) was developed under the 2020 Academic Senate for California Community Colleges (ASCCC) Open Educational Resources Initiative (OERI).
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Allan_Hancock_College/Introduction_to_Nutrition_Science_(Bisson_et._al)/11%3A_Water_and_Electrolytes/11.05%3A_Overview_of_Fluid_and_Electrolyte_BalanceDuring overhydration, electrolyte concentrations are low outside the cell relative to inside the cell (like in the situation of hyponatremia), so water moves into the cells, making them swell. “Fluid ...During overhydration, electrolyte concentrations are low outside the cell relative to inside the cell (like in the situation of hyponatremia), so water moves into the cells, making them swell. “Fluid Balance Effects on Cells” by Tamberly Powell is licensed under CC BY 4.0; edited from “Osmotic pressure on blood cells diagram” by LadyofHats is in the Public Domain.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Allan_Hancock_College/Introduction_to_Nutrition_Science_(Bisson_et._al)/04%3A_Dietary_Recommendations/4.07%3A_Diet_Analysis_-_When_Enough_is_EnoughJudge food portion sizes for adequacy.
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Allan_Hancock_College/Introduction_to_Nutrition_Science_(Bisson_et._al)/zz%3A_Back_Matter
- https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Allan_Hancock_College/Introduction_to_Nutrition_Science_(Bisson_et._al)/17%3A_Macronutrient_and_Alcohol_Metabolism/17.01%3A_Metabolism_BasicsMetabolism consists of all the biochemical processes that occur in living cells. These processes or metabolic reactions can generally be classified as either anabolic or catabolic. Anabolic means to b...Metabolism consists of all the biochemical processes that occur in living cells. These processes or metabolic reactions can generally be classified as either anabolic or catabolic. Anabolic means to build, catabolic means to breakdown.
