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3.10: References

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    1. Withering W., Keys TE, An account of the foxglove and some of its medical uses, with practical remarks on dropsy, and other diseases, Classics of Cardiology. Volume I. New York, NY: Henry Schuman, Dover Publications; 1941: 231–252.

    2. Kannel WB, Silbershatz H, Belanger AJ, Wilson PW, Levy D. Profile for Estimating Risk of Heart Failure, Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:1197-204

    3. McMurray JJV et al., ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012, European Heart Journal (2012; 33;1787–1847)

    4. McDonagh TA, Morrison CE, Lawrence A, Ford I, Tunstall-Pedoe H, McMurray JJ, Dargie HJ. Symptomatic and asymptomatic left-ventricular systolic dysfunction in an urban population. Lancet. 1997 Sep 20;350(9081):829-33

    5. Wang TJ, Evans JC, Benjamin EJ, Levy D, LeRoy EC, Vasan RS. Natural history of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the community. Circulation. 2003 Aug 26;108(8):977-82. Epub 2003 Aug 11.

    6. Holubarsch C et al, Existence of the Frank-Starling Mechanism in the Failing Human Heart Investigations on the Organ, Tissue, and Sarcomere Levels. Circulation. 1996 Aug 15;94(4):683-9.

    7. McKee PA, Castelli WP, McNamara PM, Kannel WB. The natural history of congestive heart failure: the Framingham study. New England Journal of Medicine. 1971; 23;285(26):1441-6.

    8. Garg R, Yusuf S, Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1995;273:1450-6

    9. Foody JM, Farrell MH, Krumholz MH. ß-Blocker Therapy in Heart Failure. Scientific Review. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002;287(7):883-889.

    10. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine .1999;341:709-17

    11. Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall J, Klein H, Wilbur DJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Brown MW, Andrews ML . Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. New England Journal of Medicine. 2002;346:877–883.

    12. Hohnloser SH, Kuck KH, Dorian P, Roberts RS, Hampton JR, Hatala R, Fain E, Gent M, Connolly SJ. Prophylactic use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator after acute myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine.2004;351:2481–2488

    13. Steinbeck G, Andresen D, Seidl K, Brachmann J, Hoffmann E, WojciechowskiD, Kornacewich-Jach Z, Sredniawa B, Lupkovics G, Hofgartner F, Lubinski A, Rosenqvist M, Habets A, Wegscheider K, Senges J. Defibrillator implantation early after myocardial infarction. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;361:1427–1436

    14. Wilber DJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Brown MW, Lin AC, Andrews ML, Burke M, MossAJ . Time-dependence of mortality risk and defibrillator benefit after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2004;109:1082–1084.

    15. Kadish A, Dyer A, Daubert JP, Quigg R, Estes NA, Anderson KP, Calkins H, Hoch D, Goldberger J, Shalaby A, Sanders WE, Schaechter A, Levine JH. Prophylactic defibrillator implantation in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. England Journal of Medicine. 2004;350:2151–2158

    16. Mancini DM, Eisen H, Kussmaul W, Mull R, Edmunds LH, Wilson JR. Value of peak exercise consumption for optimal timing of cardiac transplantation in ambulatory patients with heart failure. Circulation. 1991;83:778–786

    17. Yusuf S. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial. The Lancet. Sept 2003 362;9386:777-781

    18. Cleland JGF, Andrew L, Clark AL. Delivering the cumulative benefits of triple therapy to improve outcomes in heart failure. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2003;42(7)

    19. Mosterd A. Clinical epidemiology in heart failure. Heart 2007;93:1137-1146

    20. McMurray JJ. Clinical practice. Systolic heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;362: 228-238

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