12: Interstitial Cystitis
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- 12.4: Diagnosis
- Usually confirmed on cystoscopy (under general or regional anaesthesia): Petechial bleeding is seen from the bladder wall (particularly after second filling of the bladder with irrigation fluid). There is usually a small bladder capacity and rarely an area of ulceration of the bladder wall (Hunner’s ulcer).
- 12.5: Treatment
- Medical treatment, intravesical treatment and surgery.