2: Membrane Transportation
- Page ID
- 124506
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 2.1: Introduction to Membrane Transportation
- This page covers fundamental concepts in biological solutions and transport mechanisms, defining terms like solute, solvent, and solution. It details diffusion, where solutes move from high to low concentration, achieving equilibrium. The distinction between passive transport, which is energy-free, and active transport, requiring energy, is emphasized. Additionally, it discusses how membrane permeability affects the movement of substances.
- 2.2: Diffusions of Crystals through an Agar Gel
- This page details an experiment on the diffusion rates of methylene blue and potassium permanganate in agarose gel, focusing on the impact of molecular weight on diffusion. Methylene blue, having a higher molecular weight, is compared to potassium permanganate. The experiment involves placing the crystals in the gel and measuring their diffusion distance over 45 minutes, with results recorded for analysis.
- 2.3: Osmosis
- This page explains osmosis, the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane essential for cellular function. It describes how water moves toward areas with higher solute concentration, detailing the effects of hypertonic and hypotonic solutions on cell water levels. In hypertonic solutions, water leaves the cell, and in hypotonic solutions, water enters. Isotonic conditions signify equal solute concentrations, leading to no net water movement.
- 2.4: Practice Graphing
- This page provides a simulated osmosis data table for students to practice graphing and calculating weight changes in bags over time. Instructions guide them to compute these changes and visually represent data in a line graph. Furthermore, students analyze the results to identify weight fluctuations and categorize the surrounding solutions as hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.
- 2.5: Procedure for Osmosis Experiment
- This page describes an osmosis experiment using dialysis bags filled with sucrose solutions. It includes steps for preparing the bags, immersing them in different sucrose concentrations, and weighing them at regular intervals to observe weight changes due to osmosis. The experiment emphasizes careful observation and accurate data recording every 10 minutes for 30 minutes, concluding with data analysis through line graphs and includes cleanup instructions.
- 2.6: Results for Diffusion and Osmosis Experiments
- This page covers two experiments on diffusion and osmosis. The first examines dye diffusion through agar gel, focusing on the effects of molecular weight on rates. The second measures osmosis by observing weight changes in bags, analyzing water movement across semi-permeable membranes and the influence of concentration gradients. It concludes that weight changes relate to these gradients and anticipates a state of equilibrium.